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Heavy Metal Analysis in Rainwaters as Indicator of Aerial Pollution

Authors: A.O. Adegunwa; F.M. Adebiyi; O.I. Asubiojo;

Heavy Metal Analysis in Rainwaters as Indicator of Aerial Pollution

Abstract

{"references": ["G. Yang, Y. Wang, Y. Zeng, G.F. Gao and X. Liang. Rapid health transition in China, 1990\u20132010: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet.2010.381:1987\u20132015p", "M.A. Hanif, R. Nadeem, U. Rashid and M.N. Zafar. Assessing pollution levels of effluents of industries cities zone of Faiasalabad, Pakistan. J. of App Sci.2005. 5: 1713\u20131717p", "T.H. Spanos, V. Simeonov and G. Andreev. Environmetric modeling of emission sources for dry and wet precipitation from an urban area. Talanta, J. of Environ Sci. 2002.58, 367\u2013375p", "D.K. Asthana and M. Asthana. Environment: problems and solutions, S.chand and company limited, Ram Nagar, New Delhi, 2003.15: 205-221p", "A. Dami, H.K. Ayuba and O. Amukali. Effects of gas flaring and oil spillage on rainwater collected for drinking in Okpai and Beneku, Delta State, Nigeria. J. of Ecotoxic.2012.12: 1-8p", "C.O. Emerole, M. Emekaraoha and C.G. Emerole. Quality of harvested rainwater in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. J. of App Sci 3: 1162-1166p. Agency,2010.www.environmentagency.gov.ok/static/document/research/SCH0049BPwb-e-e. 0/07/2011 (2015).", "S. Karavoltsos, A. Sakellari, M. Dimopoulos, M. Dssenakis and M. Scoullos. Cadmium content of foodstuffs from Greek market. Food Additive and Contamination. Part A 2002.19: 954-962p", "J. Morillo, J.I. Usero, and I. Gracia. Chemosphere, Environ Bull.2007.55, 431 \u2013 442p", "N.A. Nkono, O.I. Asubiojo. Trace elements in bottled and soft drinks in Nigeria a preliminary study, The science of Total Environment (12) 208, 161 -163p and vegetables. Bull of Environ Toxic 71: 1260-1264p", "M. Pritchard, T. Mkandawire and J.G. O'Neil. Assessment of groundwater quality in shallow wells within the southern districts of Malawi. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth.2008.33: 812-823p"]}

Heavy metals in rainwaters collected in open spaces within residential, industrial and commercial areas in Ibadan, Nigeria were investigated using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry to assess the level of aerial pollution of the metropolis. It is observed that Zn has the highest concentration followed by Pb. Results indicated that the concentrations of the analyzed metals were higher at the onset of the rainy period than the latter periods indicating washout of the metals as the rainy season progressed. Results showed that the concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cd, Mn and Cu were higher than their allowable limits; enrichment factor showed moderate to significant enrichment and pollution index values were higher than 1, indicating aerial contamination. Correlation matrix analyses showed that most of the metals had similar chemical affinities/or background values. There was a significant difference between the mean concentrations of metals at the different locations studied (P ≤ 0.05), suggesting that the metals originated from different sources. Three factors were resolved with Positive Matrix Factorization receptor model for the heavy metals in the rainwater samples viz: traffic dust (35%), industrial emissions (39%), metallurgy industry (26%). The study proved metal in rainwater to be a reliable fingerprint of evaluating aerial pollution.

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Keywords

AAS, aerial pollution, heavy metal, rainwater, source apportionment, http://hbrppublication.com/journals.html

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