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The aim of this work was to investigate the behaviour of steel plate shear walls SPSWs, against similar composite structural systems composed by steel moment frames with reinforced concrete infill walls SRCWs. To this aim the same steel frame with semi-rigid connections that was numerically modeled by Vogiatzis and Avdelas (2018), was used for the SPSW finite element (FE) model. Full 3D FE models were generated for the unstiffened and stiffened SPSWs. The loading process was controlled by displacement at the top beam up to 3% target drift, as an ultimate limit provided by the codes. In the analysis, yield and post-buckling behaviour of steel plate is also considered. The simulations were undertaken using the commercially available finite element package of ANSYS. The numerical results from the SPSW were then compared with the available from the literature results for the composite SRCW system. According to this study, both SPSW and composite SRCW systems are efficient to undertake seismic lateral loading.