Siedlecka Dagna, Micał Wojciech, Krzewicka-Romaniuk Ewa, Nazzal Rashed. Graves’ ophthalmopathy – thyroid eye disease. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2019;9(8):795-800. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3407993 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/7271 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2019; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.07.2019. Revised: 25.07.2019. Accepted: 17.08.2019. Graves’ ophthalmopathy – thyroid eye disease Siedlecka Dagna1,3, Micał Wojciech2, Krzewicka-Romaniuk Ewa1, Nazzal Rashed Mustafa3 1. Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland 2. 1st Department of Medical Radiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland 3. Department of General Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland Key words: Thyroid eye disease; Graves’ ophthalmopathy; Graves’ orbitopathy ABSTRACT Graves’ disease (GD) is an autoimmune disorder that affects thyroid. It is caused by antibody, named thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TIS) that acts like thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), resulting in thyroid hormone overproduction – condition called hyperthyroidism. TSH receptors are located on thyroid cells, but also on ocular fibroblasts – that’s why Graves’ disease can result in ocular manifestations also known as Graves ophthalmopathy (GO). Typically patients with hyperthyroidism are affected by ophthalmopathy, but it can occur in hypothyroid or euthyroid patients as well. It is estimated that 20-35% of patients with Graves' disease develop thyroid eye disease. In most cases symptoms are mild and do not require specialist treatment. Decision about therapy should be made considering severity of the disease and it is influence on quality of life.