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A Semiotic Study of the Representation of Ethnocentrism in Banknotes; Case Study : Islamic Republic of Iran's Banknotes

Authors: Vahaab Karimi; Qohroudi, Mahdi Qorbanian;

A Semiotic Study of the Representation of Ethnocentrism in Banknotes; Case Study : Islamic Republic of Iran's Banknotes

Abstract

A Semiotic Study of the Representation of Ethnocentrism in Banknotes Abstract: The present study focused on the aspects of ethnocentric discourse action in the Islamic Republic of Iran banknotes according to their verbal and visual symbols. In fact, ethnocentrism has a symbolic value because of its social nature. National dimension is multifaceted and fluid based on ethnocentrism concept, as well as the interconnected association of the various symbols used in the design of banknotes. The text and images of the 3 types of Irancheques and 27 types of banknotes printed by the Central Bank of Iran during the two periods after the Islamic Revolution, the Bargahi (Shrine) banknotes and banknotes of Emami, constitute the data of this research. The semiotic approach of the School of Paris was used to analyze the discourses of the data. In fact, the textual nature of this approach allows the analysis of ethnocentrism and the visual representation of formal discourse. The investigation of the data revealed that the insertion of the image of Ayatollah Khomeini was a point of reference and based on this, the time division of the bills and emami banknotes took place. The image of Razavi's shrine and Imam Khomeini marked the element of Shi'ism and featured Islamic designs and mosque designs, the pillars of Islam, as the official discourse of the ruler. The symbols of Iranian and the lesser republican denominations are used in banknotes, however, they have been used in all of Iranian elements of arts. The dominant function of the writing in these banknotes is limited to the description of the image and monetary value, and in other cases is consistent with the official discourse. The result of this study is an unbalanced and unequal representation of Shi'ite nationalism in the Islamic Republic of Iran bills. Also, in comparison to the two periods, it became clear that the period of banknotes was focused on more social dynamics compared to the period of the Emami banknotes, and in the later period individual modeling and Shiite tradition were distinct. Keywords : Ethnocentrism, Semiotics, Official Discourse, Banknotes, Islamic Republic of Iran. بررسی نشانه - معناشناختی بازنمود گفتمان قوم‌مداری در اسکناس؛ مطالعه موردی : اسکناس‌های جمهوری اسلامی ایران چکیده در این پژوهش، وجوه کنش گفتمانی قوم‌مداری در اسکناس‌های جمهوری اسلامی ایران بر مبنای نماد‌های کلامی و تصویری آنها، بررسی شده است. قوم‌مداری به سبب ماهیت اجتماعی خود، واجد ارزش نمادین است. بنا بر چندوجهی بودن و سیالیت مفهوم قوم‌مداری در بعد ملی، و نیز هم‌نشینی متعامل نمادهای متنوع به کار رفته در طراحی اسکناس‌ها، از رویکرد نشانه - معناشناسی مکتب پاریس در تحلیل گفتمان داده‌ها استفاده شده است. ماهیتِ نظریِ بافت‌محورِ این نگره، امکان تحلیل رابطه‌ قوم‌مداری و بازنمایی بصری گفتمان رسمی را به دست می‌دهد. نوشتار و نگاره‌های 3 نوع ایران‌چک و 27 نوع اسکناس چاپ بانک مرکزی ایران در دو دوره زمانی پس از انقلاب اسلامی، دوره‌های اسکناس بارگاهی و اسکناس امامی، داده‌های این پژوهش را تشکیل می‌دهند. سنجش نشانه‌شناختی کیفیت بازنمایی قوم‌مداری در بعد ملی در اسکناس‌های ایران، از جانب گفتمان رسمی کشور، مقصود پژوهش حاضر بوده است. بررسی داده‌ها مشخص کرد که درج تصویر حضرت آیت‌الله خمینی(ره) نقطه‌ای ممیز بوده و بر همین مبنا تقسیم‌بندی زمانی اسکناس‌های بارگاهی و امامی صورت گرفته است. نگاره‌ حرم رضوی و امام خمینی (ره)، عنصر تشیع را شاخص کرده‌ و نقوش اسلیمی و طرح‌های مساجد، رکن اسلامیت گفتمان رسمی حاکم را بازنمایانده‌اند. از نمادهای مبین ایرانیت و رکن جمهوریت کمتر در اسکناس‌ها استفاده شده، با این حال در تمامی آنها از عناصر هنرهای ایرانی بهره گرفته شده است. کارکرد غالب نوشتار در این اسکناس‌ها محدود به مواردی چون شرح تصویر و ارزش پولی بوده و در موارد دیگر هم‌راستا با گفتمان رسمی است. نتیجه این پژوهش حکایت از توفق سلبی و نامتوازن بازنمایی ملی‌گرایی شیعی در اسکناس‌های جمهوری اسلامی ایران دارد. همچنین در مقایسه‌ دو دوره‌ زمانی مشخص شد که دوره اسکناس بارگاهی متمرکز بر پویایی اجتماعی بیشتری در مقایسه با دوره اسکناس امامی بوده و در دوره متأخر الگوسازی فردی و سنت شیعی متمایز است. کلیدواژه‌ها: قوم‌مداری، نشانه‌معناشناسی، گفتمان رسمی، اسکناس، جمهوری اسلامی ایران.

Linguistic Society of Iran

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Keywords

Ethnocentrism, Semiotics, Official Discourse, Banknotes, Islamic Republic of Iran

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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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