Introduction: The third molar extraction procedure presents a high surgical incidence by the maxillofacial surgeon. In this context, epidemiological data reveal that the incidence of late fracture can vary from an average of 6.5 cases in 1,000. Objective: To present, through a literary review, the main predictors of late mandibular fracture in third molar extraction, in order to contribute important prophylaxis and treatment information to the dental literature. Methods: A total of 34 articles were found. So, 17 articles were included and discussed in this study. Experimental and clinical studies were included (case reports, retrospective, prospective, randomized trials and systematic review and meta-analysis) with qualitative and/or quantitative analysis. Results and conclusion: Late fracture occurs in the first two weeks of the surgical procedure. Some authors reported occurrence within the first four weeks. However, it is more common that the fractures occur in the fifth postoperative week. Chewing presented the highest incidence and prevalence of mandibular fracture cause after third molar extraction, reported by the authors. The present study showed the importance of identifying the main predictors of late fracture in the pre- and postoperative period, orienting the patient in the postoperative period regarding the diet for a prolonged period as a form of prevention. It has also been demonstrated that the best form of treatment of the late fracture is surgical, but in cases of comorbidity conservative treatment can be performed.