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Characterization and Cellular Internalization of Spherical Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNC) into Normal and Cancerous Fibroblasts

توصيف واستيعاب الخلايا للبلورات النانوية السليلوزية الكروية (CNC) في الخلايا الليفية العادية والسرطانية
Authors: Nur Shazali; Noorzaileen Zaidi; Hidayah Ariffin; Luqman Abdullah; Ferial Ghaemi; Jafri Abdullah; Ichiro Takashima; +1 Authors

Characterization and Cellular Internalization of Spherical Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNC) into Normal and Cancerous Fibroblasts

Abstract

The aim was to isolate cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) from commercialized oil palm empty fruit bunch cellulose nanofibre (CNF) through sulphuric acid hydrolysis and explore its safeness as a potential nanocarrier. Successful extraction of CNC was confirmed through a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and attenuated total reflection Fourier transmission infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectrometry analysis. For subsequent cellular uptake study, the spherical CNC was covalently tagged with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), resulting in negative charged FITC-CNC nanospheres with a dispersity (Ð) of 0.371. MTT assay revealed low degree cytotoxicity for both CNC and FITC-CNC against C6 rat glioma and NIH3T3 normal fibroblasts up to 50 µg/mL. FITC conjugation had no contribution to the particle’s toxicity. Through confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM), synthesized FITC-CNC manifested negligible cellular accumulation, indicating a poor non-selective adsorptive endocytosis into studied cells. Overall, an untargeted CNC-based nanosphere with less cytotoxicity that posed poor selectivity against normal and cancerous cells was successfully synthesized. It can be considered safe and suitable to be developed into targeted nanocarrier.

Country
Malaysia
Keywords

Cytotoxicity, Nanofibers, Plant Science, shape, Biochemistry, Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Nanoparticle, Engineering, Dispersity, Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications, Nanotechnology, Fluorescein isothiocyanate, MTT assay, Physics, Life Sciences, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Endocytosis, Nuclear chemistry, Chemistry, Cellulose Nanocrystals, Confocal, Physical Sciences, cytotoxicity, Structure and Function of Plant Cell Walls, Fluorescein, Cell biology, Nanofibrils, Materials Science, Biophysics, Geometry, Quantum mechanics, Article, Nanocellulose: Properties, Production, and Applications, Fluorescence, Biomaterials, Chemical engineering, In vitro, FOS: Mathematics, endocytosis, Polymer chemistry, Cellulose, Biology, cellulose nanocrystals, FOS: Chemical engineering, Nanocellulose, preparation, FOS: Nanotechnology, Materials science, internalization, Confocal microscopy, fluorescently labelled, Cell, Nanocarriers, Mathematics

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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