Abstract Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is a common disease in the world. Exercise has consistently been shown to improve glucose control. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of a single-session aerobic and resistance exercise on blood glucose in women with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Twenty four women with type 2 diabetes were voluntarily and randomly selected and divided into aerobic exercise, resistance exercise and control groups. Aerobic exercise (rhythmic exercise) was performed for 40 min at 60% HRmax and resistance exercise (weight lifting) for 40 min utilizing 60% of 1-RM. Blood samples were collected before and after exercise. Results: Results of paired sample t-test showed a single-session aerobic and resistance exercise significantly decreased blood glucose (p< 0.05). ANOVA test found a significant difference in blood glucose among three groups (p< 0.05). Conclusion: A single-session aerobic and resistance exercise could decrease blood glucose in women with type 2 diabetes. However, a single-session aerobic exercise is more effective than resistance exercise on decreasing blood glucose.