{"references": ["Alho A. M., A. Fiarresga, M. Landum, C. Lima, \u00d3. Gamboa, J. Meireles, J., S. Lu\u00eds, L. M. de Carvalho. (2016). A Homemade Snare: An Alternative Method for Mechanical Removal of Dirofilaria immitis in Dogs. Veterinary Medicine International 2016, 1\u20136.", "Arita N, Yamane I, Takemura N. (2003). Comparison of canine heartworm removal rates using flexible alligator forceps guidedby transesophageal echocardiography and fluoroscopy. J Vet Med Sci, Vol. 65: 259\u2013261.", "Borgarelli M., Venco L., Piga P. M., Bonino F., Ryan W. G. (1997). Surgical removal of heartworms from the right atrium of a cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc., Vol. 211: 68\u201369.", "Bov\u00e9 C. M., S. G. Gordon, A. B. Saunders, M. W. Miller, R. M. Roland, S. E. Achen, L. T. Drourr, M. M. Boggess (2010). Outcome of minimally invasive surgical treatment of heartworm caval syndrome in dogs: 42 cases (1999\u20132007). JAVMA, Vol. 236(2): 15.", "Cringoli, G. (2007). Parassiti d'Italia. Mappe Parassitologiche. Recuperato da https: //www.pagepress. org/journals/index.php/mappe/article/view/7145, pp 124", "Glaus T. M., Jacobs G. J., Rawlings C. A., Watson E. D., Calvert C. A. (1995). Calvert Surgical removal of heartworms from a cat with caval syndrome. J Am Vet Med Assoc. Vol. 206(5): 663\u2013666.", "Ishihara K, Sasaki Y, Kitagawa H. (1986). Development of a flexible alligator forceps: a new instrument for removal of heartworms in the pulmonary arteries of dogs. Nihon Juigaku Zasshi. Vol. 48(5): 989\u201391.", "Lee S.G., Moon H.S., Hyun C. (2008). Percutaneous heartworm removal from dogs with severe heart worm (Dirofilaria immitis) infestation. J. Vet. Sci. Vol. 9(2): 197\u2013202.", "Morini S., Venco L., Fagioli P., Genchi C. (1998). Surgical removal of heartworms versus melarsomine treatment of naturally-infected dogs with risk of thromboembolism. In Seward, L., Ed. Proceedings of the American Heartworm Symposium '98. American Heartworm Society, Batavia, IL, 235\u2013240 pp.", "Ranko Georgiev, Hristina Shukerova, Nadezhda Petrova. (2016). Surgical extraction of adult d. Immitis filariae from the pulmonary arteries of a patient with stage III heartworm disease. http: //balkanvets. com/index.php/page/10/?q=android-spy-whatsapp-messagescell-phone-spy-in.", "Yoon W. K., R. Choi, S. G. Lee, C. Hyun. (2013). Comparison of 2 Retrieval Devices for Heartworm Removal in 52 Dogs with Heavy Worm Burden. J Vet Intern Med, Vol. 27: 469\u2013473.", "Yoon, W. K., Han, D., & Hyun, C. (2011). Catheter-guided percutaneous heartworm removal using a nitinol basket in dogs with caval syndrome. Journal of veterinary science, Vol. 12(2): 199\u2013201."]}

The localization of adult forms of Dirofilaria immitis in the heart provokes the development of the socalled “Caval syndrome” and lead to the development of severe cardiorespiratory disorders. The animals are in a severe general condition and surgical interventions must be précised as severity and duration. The purpose of this article is to revealed the methods and surgical techniques for removing these forms of the parasite from the heart as well as to describe the most common complications in the postoperative period.