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Alguns dilemas da comparação enquanto método das ciências sociais: em busca da compreensão ou da explicação?

Authors: Castro, Paulo Alexandre Batista de;

Alguns dilemas da comparação enquanto método das ciências sociais: em busca da compreensão ou da explicação?

Abstract

Este artigo resgata algumas das abordagens comparativas mais comuns nas ciências sociais e questiona sua relação com os principais dilemas metodológicos existentes na literatura atual. Partindo de obras clássicas na área de estudos comparados e da análise de estudos recentes publicados na América Latina, são apresentadas algumas das dicotomias inerentes à escolha do pesquisador ante as principais alternativas de comparação: semelhança vs. diferença; sincronia vs. diacronia; intrassistema vs. transistema. Para além de qualquer discussão voltada à identificação do modelo “mais adequado”, o objetivo do artigo é explicitar as dificuldades reais enfrentadas pelos pesquisadores na definição do design da pesquisa social e revelar algumas limitações do método comparativo para a construção de inferências causais. A discussão é concluída com o argumento de que a utilização de estratégias que considerem o chamado “momento não metódico” da pesquisa pode levar o pesquisador a uma abordagem mais profícua dos fenômenos sociais.

Keywords

Método comparativo, Social analysis, Análise social, Investigación comparada, Comparative methods, Ethnography, http://vocabularies.unesco.org/thesaurus/concept376, Comparative research, Etnografia, Análisis social, http://vocabularies.unesco.org/thesaurus/concept2202, http://vocabularies.unesco.org/thesaurus/concept13690, Pesquisa comparada

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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