Unfortunately, most of the technologies applied and currently used by mankind, to a lesser or greater degree, negatively influence and lead to the degradation and degeneration of the planetary ecosystem, with rail transport being no exception. The railways, together with the positive influence on the economic development of the regions in which they were built, have caused irreparable damage to the environment. They destroyed natural landscapes, led to the death and reduction of wildlife populations, polluted the air and created an unbearable noise. The pollution of the environment by the use of railway transport is also present for the Republic of Moldova. The article describes the main components of the impact of railway transport on the environment: pollutants, electromagnetic fields and rolling stock noise.