The human resource management practices have been one of the major functions of the management of every organization. In production oriented organizations like sugar mills, large number human resources have been employed in the production as well as other processes. In this context, management of human resources is considered as crucial as other management functions. The productivity of sugar mills is dependent not only on the plant and machinery but also the efficient service of the human resources. The human resource management practices include recruitment and selection, training and development, performance evaluation, compensation and rewards, employee security, employee participation, career planning and development welfare measures and industrial relations. In this study, an attempt has been made to analyze each of these practices of human resource management. The analysis made in this chapter has been divided into three parts – socio demographic factors, human resource management practices and job satisfaction.