The system of modern economic scientific knowledge is divided as a whole into fundamental, or general, and applied, or particular, knowledge. Economic theory, also known as theoretical economics, along with the history of economics and the history of economic studies, economic statistics, economic sociology, economic psychology, belongs to general economic knowledge and therefore general economic sciences that are of fundamental, one might even say, strategic nature for the development of economic science in general, and therefore they cannot be forgotten. Economic knowledge, having an applied character, is based, as a rule, on private, or specific, sciences, namely: interbranch (finance and credit, accounting, labour management); sectoral (industrial economics, agricultural economics, trade economics, transport economics); regional (world economy, regional economy, economy of individual countries of the world). The task of the fundamental sciences is to know, as far as possible, the knowledge of economic laws and the rationale for their effective application. One such law, for example, is the law of harmony in nature. In nature, everything is expedient and meets the requirement of expediency. Some natural phenomena correspond to other natural phenomena, existing in such a way as to correspond to these latter, that is, one mutually responds to the other and is designed to interact with it. In turn, applied sciences use the results of fundamental scientific research to solve particular and specific practical problems in the field of economics. One of the most important areas of fundamental economics is historical and economic research, which is given special attention in Russian science. Economic theory, or theoretical economics, is a social science that studies the problem of choice in conditions of limited resources for maximum satisfaction of people's needs. It consists of many schools and directions. The economic theory develops and is updated with new data over time, therefore its development in the historical perspective is engaged in such a direction as the history of economic doctrines. The main task of economic theory is to explain current events in economic life with the help of different reality models, reflecting the real economy in oneself.

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