An attempt is made in this paper is to analyse the tracing the history and evolution of human resource management. One or two centuries ago, the human resource management department – often referred to as just “labor welfare” or “personnel” was primarily associated with tasks like keeping employee records; ensuring companies followed the rules and regulations; determining wages, compensation packages and other benefits. Since the days of labor office during Industrial Revolution in 19th century Europe to the advent of Artificial Intelligence in the 21st century, human resources have come a long way. With the passage of time, the domain has undergone several changes – rather an HR transformation has happened in the real sense of the term. While certain basic tasks continue to remain the same, the realm has succeeded in adding several feathers to its core and has evolved as a strong competitor in the market that can stand beside organizations and businesses. Many people may think of a human resources department as a relatively modern innovation. However, a look at the history of human resources reveals that the ideas underpinning the discipline stretch as far back as human history itself. Maximizing worker potential and management of people is a concern stretching back to ancient times. Those ideas were further developed starting in the 18th century, culminating in today’s human resources departments.