Name changes within and identification key for the Salix alba/S. fragilis complex in Belgium and the Netherlands. – Until recently, the name Salix fragilis was used for two different willows. Irina Belyaeva separated both taxa: she described a new species and renamed the second willow as a hybrid. The new insights were not immediately adopted in Belgium and the Netherlands for various reasons. In the meantime, genetic research on Belgian and other European willows makes clear that a name adjustment is also necessary in Belgium and the Netherlands. This article discusses the consequences for the entire group of S. alba, S. fragilis and their hybrids. Three new combinations are proposed. The discussion is limited mainly to wild and spontaneously regenerated willows. The article concludes with an updated identification key.