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Stratejik bir yönetim aracı olarak şirket birleşmeleri ve Türkiye'deki birleşmelerin analizi

Authors: Binboğa, Gül;

Stratejik bir yönetim aracı olarak şirket birleşmeleri ve Türkiye'deki birleşmelerin analizi

Abstract

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Rekabetin sürekli arttığı günümüzün küresel dünyasında, şirketlerin sürdürülebilir rekabet avantajı sağlayarak varlıklarını devam ettirebilmeleri her geçen gün daha da güç bir hale gelmektedir. Böyle bir ortamda şirketlerin rakiplerinden farklılaşarak değişen çevre koşullarına en uygun adaptasyonu en hızlı şekilde gerçekleştirilebilmelerinde, şirket birleşmeleri stratejik bir yönetim aracı olarak görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’deki şirket birleşmelerinin yapısını ve özelliklerini belirlemektir. Yapılan değerlendirmeler kapsamında Türkiye’deki siyasi ve ekonomik koşullar göz önüne alınarak birleşmeler; Cumhuriyet Öncesi, Banka Birleşmeleri, Finansal Amaçlı Birleşmeler ve Yatay- Dikey Birleşmeler olmak üzere dört döneme ayrılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizi kapsamında; Türkiye’deki şirket birleşmelerin dünyada görülen eğilimleri geriden takip ettiği, ilk dönemlerde daha çok finansal amaçlı olarak gerçekleştirilen birleşmelerin daha sonraki dönemlerde rekabet avantajı yakalamaya dayalı yatay, dikey ve küresel ölçekli şirketlerin yerel firmaları devralması şeklinde meydana geldiği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, 2003 yılı itibariyle artan özelleştirme uygulamalarının birleşmeler üzerinde önemli bir etkisinin olduğu görülmüştür. In today's global world where competition is constantly increasing, it is becoming more and more difficult for companies to continue their existence by gaining a sustainable competitive advantage. In such an environment, company mergers are regarded as a strategic management tool for companies to distinguish from their competitors and adapt to the changing environmental conditions in the fastest way possible. The aim of this study was to determine the structure and properties of mergers in Turkey. Mergers in Turkey were separated into four periods considering the political and economic conditions within the scope of evaluations: Pre-Republic, Bank Mergers, Financial Mergers and Horizontal-Vertical Mergers. Within the scope of analysis of obtained data; it was determined that mergers in Turkey are far behind the trends in the world, and mergers in the early periods mostly had a financial purpose while the latter ones were mostly takeover of local companies by global-scale companies with a horizontal, vertical merger for achieving a competitive advantage. In addition, it was observed that the increasing privatization practices in 2003 had a significant effect on mergers.

Keywords

Türkiye, Şirket Birleşmeleri, Birleşme Dalgaları, Mergers, Turkey, Merger Waves, Stratejik Yönetim, Strategic Management

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