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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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Life Cycle Assessment of ZERAF: Quantifying Carbon Footprint and Life-Cycle Costs

Authors: Zarei, Marzieh; Juaristi Gutierrez, Miren;

Life Cycle Assessment of ZERAF: Quantifying Carbon Footprint and Life-Cycle Costs

Abstract

This report presents the life-cycle environmental and economic assessment of ZERAF, an adaptive opaque façade technology designed to reduce building energy demand through dynamic thermal modulation of the building envelope. A methodological framework is developed to compare ZERAF with conventional façade and building-system solutions using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Life Cycle Costing (LCC), circularity metrics and building-performance indicators over a 50-year period. The study evaluates complete building-level intervention packages for new construction, deep retrofit and minor retrofit scenarios across seven representative European climates. Results for the single-family-house archetype show that ZERAF consistently achieves the lowest operational carbon emissions among new-construction and deep-retrofit solutions, reducing heating demand by up to 88%, cooling demand by up to 50%, and operational carbon emissions by up to 19%. ZERAF also demonstrates strong circularity performance. While higher embodied impacts and investment costs currently limit whole-life environmental and economic performance, alternative material configurations indicate substantial improvement potential, with embodied carbon reductions of up to 58% and embodied cost reductions of up to 75%. Overall, the results confirm the effectiveness of ZERAF's adaptive principle and identify key directions for further optimisation.

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