This dataset corresponds to the quantification results carried out in a comparative study using different strategies for peripheral nerve repair, which were analyzed in the manuscript entitled "Decellularized Nerve Allografts Promoted Superior Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Compared to Bioengineered Grafts across 15-mm Gaps in Rodents". Background: To overcome the limitations of traditional autografts in peripheral nerve repair, various bioengineered substitutes have been developed for peripheral nerve repair. This study evaluated the preclinical efficacy of different tissue-engineering strategies for repairing a 15-mm sciatic nerve defect in Wistar rats. Five approaches were compared over 16 weeks: Neuragen® collagen conduit (CC), CC with acellular fibrin-agarose hydrogel (CC-FAH), CC with FAH supplemented with adipose mesenchymal stem cells (CC-FAH-C), decellularized nerve allograft (DC), and autograft (AUTO). Functional recovery and tissue reinnervation were assessed via electromyography, muscle morphometry, and comprehensive nerve and muscle histological analyses. Results revealed that DC significantly outperformed hollow tubes and FAH-based substitutes (cellular and acellular). Notably, DC achieved functional and structural repair efficacy closely matching the gold-standard autograft. In conclusion, our DC substitute is a highly viable autograft alternative for long-gap peripheral nerve repair, showing superior results to the other strategies tested in 15-mm defects. The original data obtained for the quantitative analyses of each component are shown in this dataset.