The purpose of the article is to determine the factors influencing the mental specificity formation of the Luhanskpopulation and determining its place in the social and cultural space. The implementation of the research goal is subject to the methodological framework, which consists of Primary research methods (information gathering, studying information sources, observation), and Secondary methods, which are used in processing and analysis (quantitative and qualitative). The empirical analysis and synthesis allowed studying the various social and cultural qualities of separate groups of the Luganskpopulation and the conditions that unite them. The method of generalization allowed deeper defining the essence of the social and cultural phenomenon of Lugansk region people. In the article the author characterizes the population of Luhansk as a specific community of people, which was formed by migration, reveals the historical basis of population formation processes, specifies the ethnic structure of the newly formed community, presents a chronological sequence of the different cultures and social groups’representatives’inclusion to the general social order within a certain settlement. Features of the Luhansk museums network, which were created in a specific cultural and aesthetic environment, are considered on this background. In this article the chronological process of the formation of the population of Lugansk covers the period from the beginning of the XVIII century to the first quarter of the XIX century. The main emphasis in this issue is on the event, which began the active settlement of the area, where today there is a city of Lugansk. It is about building a Lugansk steelworks which became a city-forming enterprise, as well as the opening of minerals around, the organization of coal mining, ironstone, and others. Also, it is described the historical necessity of building the Lugansk steelworks and its role in national historical processes. The article presents specific individuals who have made a significant contribution to the economic development of Luhansk and its national status.Features of Lugansk development are considered. The author gives some statistical data concerning population and its resettlement. The author of the article emphasizes the need to highlight the research of the theory and practice of the museum movement in Lugansk region. Today museum collections of the existing museums of Lugansk are valuable collections. Among them there are many rarities of world importance. Under the occupation of Lugansk there is a real threat of the loss of these collections. The publication of the structure of the Luhansk museum collections, the ways of their formation and place in the cultural heritage of Ukraine become more relevant than ever.