Nature is lazy and reuses her inventions.Electrons and positrons are made from light — pair creation can be watched directly in a cloud chamber.The geometric scaffold that holds a stationary half-photon in a temporal loop is reused to make neutrinos when that half-photon is shed. The same scaffold, when three leptons form a closing ring in the presence of a diverging magnetic field and a molecular hydrogen scaffold, catalytically produces a neutron. The reaction is exothermic and yields additional rest mass from the energy of stretched spacetime. The book covers the origin of spin as a twist in a discontinuity in spacetime, it accounts for why electrons do not fall into the nucleus and offers explanations for superconductivity and the Pauli exclusion principle. The book rests heavily on the work of James MacCullagh and his torsionally restorative media. If you like mechanism based physics this book is for you, if your brain is infected with the quantum nonsense of superposition or non zero energy ground sates then not so much.