Abstract In Islamic Financial institutions Mudarabah is one of the fundamental profit-and-loss sharing instruments recognized under Islamic commercial law and widely regarded as a Shari’ah-compliant alternative to conventional interest-based financing system. This paper examines Mudarabah as a Shari’ah-compliant financial institution, with particular emphasis on its underlying wisdom and socio-economic implications. The study explores the concept, historical evolution, legal foundations, essential elements, and operational structure of Mudarabah within the framework of Islamic jurisprudence. It further highlights the objectives and rationale behind the institution of Mudarabah, especially its role in promoting justice, risk-sharing, mutual cooperation, and equitable distribution of wealth. The paper also analyses the socio-economic significance of Mudarabah in fostering entrepreneurship, reducing poverty, encouraging productive investment, and enhancing economic development within society. In addition, the study discusses the responsibilities of the contracting parties, the need for transparency and accountability, and the importance of ensuring Shari’ah compliance in all Mudarabah transactions. The research adopts quantitative, doctrinal, and analytical methods through the examination of relevant Qur’anic verses, ahadith, classical juristic opinions, and contemporary scholarly writings. The paper concludes that the proper implementation of Mudarabah can significantly contribute to sustainable economic growth and social welfare by creating a financial system founded on ethical values, fairness, and shared responsibility. It therefore recommends greater awareness, effective regulation, proper documentation of contracts, and adherence to Shari’ah principles in order to maximize the benefits of Mudarabah for individuals and society at large.