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Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Unbounded Signature of Line Graphs: Counterexamples and Transfer Principles

Authors: Paone, Andrea;

Unbounded Signature of Line Graphs: Counterexamples and Transfer Principles

Abstract

Akbari, Elphick, Kumar, Pragada, and Tang conjectured that every connected graph satisfies a one-unit upper bound between the positive and negative adjacency inertia indices of its line graph. Version 1 exhibited a connected simple counterexample with line-graph inertia (9, 0, 7). Version 2 proves that the failure is unbounded even for connected simple planar subcubic cactus graphs. It establishes a rooted-module attachment lemma and an explicit rooted C4-C5 signature amplifier, yielding a family whose line-graph signature grows by one at each attachment. It also proves an arbitrary-edge integral unimodular four-subdivision congruence preserving determinant, adjacency cokernel, nonunit Smith factors, and nullity over every field. Finally, two independent exact methods classify all 256 residue classes of three-cycle chains and agree row by row. 

Version note Version 2.0 substantially expands and supersedes Version 1.0 as the current research version, while preserving Version 1.0 as the historical finite-counterexample record. Version 2.0 adds the unbounded family, rooted-module transfer theorem, integral four-subdivision congruence, and exact residue classification. Status: preprint, not peer reviewed.

Keywords

lemma, edge subdivision, unimodular congruence, Smith normal form, cactus graph

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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