The concept of solar highways merges renewable energy generation with transportation infrastructure, creating a sustainable solution to growing energy demands and environmental concerns. This paper explores the technical design, performance potential, and economic feasibility of integrating photovoltaic (PV) solar panels into highway surfaces. The study investigates global case studies including projects in Netherlands, France, China, and the USA; evaluates material and structural requirements; and assesses power generation capabilities under varying climatic conditions using NREL SAM simulation. A 1 km single-lane highway segment (3.5 m wide) simulated in a high-irradiance zone (5.5 kWh/m²/day) yields an estimated annual energy output of 288,000–310,000 kWh. A comparative cost-benefit analysis is conducted, weighing long-term environmental and economic benefits against high initial investment (₹5.29 crore per km). The study concludes with policy recommendations and implementation strategies for deploying solar highways in sun-rich regions such as India.