Report examining the structure and dynamics of innovation ecosystems through the Quadruple Helix model, with a particular focus on knowledge valorisation and collaboration between academia, industry, government and civil society. It describes the distinctive roles of each stakeholder and explores innovation practices such as open innovation, collaborative research and development, Living Labs, participatory design and co-creation. The report also identifies key challenges related to governance, knowledge transfer, stakeholder alignment, equitable participation and impact assessment. This deliverable was prepared by Nour Matta, Anaelle Hily and Davy Monticolo, from consortium member Université de Lorraine (UL) of the KALEIDOS project, funded by the European Union under Grant Agreement No 101132079.