Jujubinus gravinae (Dautzenberg, 1881)SSH IX – Fig. 7D–FTrochus gravinae Dautzenberg, 1881: 119, note 1 (no figure).Jujubinus laeviusculus Monterosato, 1890 (no figure).Jujubinus parvosiculus Ghisotti & Melone, 1975: 206, unnumbered figure.DiagnosisShell of medium size for the genus, solid, 4–5 spaced spiral cords, elevated, broad interspaces with numerous prosocline growth lines, peripheral cord evident and rippled, high height/width ratio.Type materialSyntypes FRANCE • 4 dd; Cannes, Cap Croisette (type locality); ex Dautzenberg collection; MCZR-M-11689/S • other syntypes; Cannes, Cap Croisette; Dautzenberg collection; RBINS I.G. 10591.Other material examinedCORSICA • 4 dd; Bastia; Caziot leg., 1896; MCZR-M-11689 • 5 dd; Corsica; Del Prete leg.; MCZR-M-11689 • 19 dd; L’Île Rousse, “Les Olivieres”; 42°38′01.4″ N, 8°57′03.3″ E; camping shore, beached; LT • 1 lv; Calcataggio, Tour d’Ancone; 42°02′36″ N, 8°43′15″ E; 15 m depth; 28 Aug. 2012; used for DNA sequencing; BAU 3764 • 3 lv; Lavezzi Is., 41°20′ N, 9°15.6′ E; 0–2 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2019-13574, 13598, 13600 • 2 lv; Punta Di Capineru; 41°27.4′ N, 9°02.4′ E; 0–1 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2019-13679, 13690 • 3 lv; Cargèse Port; 42°07.9′ N, 8°35.8′ E; 7 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2019-16793, 16822, 16852.CROATIA • 9 dd; Brač; CS-PM.FRANCE • 4 dd; La Ciotat; MCZR-M-11689 • 4 dd; Cannes; MCZR-M-11689• 1 dd; Roussillon; MCZR-M-117747.ITALY • 5 dd; Livorno, Ardenza; MCZR-M-11684 • 1 dd; Elba I., Porto Azzurro, Naregno; bioclastic sediment; LT • 15 lv; Giannutri I.; Cystoseira; CS-PM • 62 dd; Giannutri I.; 15 m depth; bioclastic sediment; CS-PM • 3 lv; Giannutri I.; 42°15′7.05″ N, 11°05′31.51″ E; used for DNA sequencing; RM3- 174 - Jgra 1, RM3-175 - Jgra 2, RM3-176 - Jgra 3 • 130 lv; Giannutri I.; 11–25 m depth; on algae; CS-PM • 1 dd; Argentario; 30 m depth; MO • 5 dd; Civitavecchia, Sant’Agostino; beached; CS-PM • 5 lv; Civitavecchia, Sant’Agostino; on Posidonia; CS-PM • 3 dd; Civitavecchia; beached; CS-PM • 3 dd; Palo Laziale; MO • 22 lv; Ventotene I., Cala Rossano; 40°48′00.1″ N, 13°25′53.8″ E; 1.5–3 m depth; on brown algae; LT • 3 dd; Taranto; Abate Gravina legit; MCZR-M-11689.SARDINIA • 5 dd; La Maddalena I.; MO • 1 dd; Asinara I.; 25 m depth; MO • 13 dd; Stintino, Roccaruja; beached; CS-PM • 6 dd; Alghero; MCZR-M-11689 • 3 dd; Capocaccia; beached; CS-PM • 32 dd; Gulf of Arzachena; CS-PM • 2 lv; Baccu Mandara; 39°09′27.8″ N, 9°23′06.8″ E; 1–3 m depth; amidst algae, used for DNA sequencing; BAU 2078.1, BAU 2078.3 • 9 dd; Bosa Marina; beached; CS-PM • 4 dd; Siniscola, Santa Lucia; 7 m depth; on brown algae; LT • 14 dd; La Maddalena I.; 25 m depth; bioclastic sediment; CS-PM • 6 dd; Gulg of Arzachena; beached; CS-PM.SICILY • 3 lv; Ognina, Catania, north of the port; 37°31′55.4″ N, 15°07′14.3″ E; 0.5–3 m depth; on brown algae; LT • 7 lv; Catania, Stazzo; 37°39′24.0″ N, 15°11′59.0″ E; 0.5–4 m depth; on brown algae; LT • 10 lv; Capo San Vito, Macari; 38°08′22.8″ N, 12°44′14.2″ E; 1–4 m depth; on brown algae; LT • 6 lv; Favignana I.; 4 m depth; on brown algae; LT • 25 dd plus, 4 dd; Palermo; MCZR-M-11689 • 8 dd; Messina; Sulliotti leg.; MCZR-M-11689 • 6 dd; Acitrezza; MO • 24 dd; Ognina; MCZR-M-11684 • 4 dd; Sciacca; MCZR-M-11689 • 90 dd; Favignana I.; CS-PM • 5 dd; Lampedusa Cala Maluc; 8 m depth; CS-PM • 22 dd; Pantelleria; MCZR-M-11689.SPAIN • 1 dd; Valencia; MCZR-M-11689.DescriptionSHELL. Shell of medium size for the genus, height 5.1–6.5 (6.3) mm, width 4.6–5.2 mm, height/width ratio 1.12–1.31, conical, not very bright. Protoconch, of ca 1 whorl, 0.24–0.25 mm in width, sculptured by one spiral thread. Teleoconch of 4.5–6.0 slightly convex whorls. Sculpture of 4–5 flat, closely set abapical spiral cords of about the same strength, a rippled peripheral cord formed by 4–5 merged cordlets, and 6–7 regularly spaced, basal flat spiral cords. Suture incised. Teleoconch surface covered by barely visible prosocline growth striae, irregularly set. Base convex, umbilicus closed also in juveniles, covered with a white callus. Aperture quadrangular, with the columellar callus thickened in the middle portion. Interior of the aperture whitish or pinkish nacreous.COLOURATION. Colour of protoconch and initial teleoconch whorls whitish-pinkish; remaining whorls and base with cream or whitish background, with brownish-reddish flammules of different size, peripheral cord white dotted.SOFT PARTS. Epipodial tentacles translucent, covered by scattered very tiny white speckles. Foot background creamy or reddish mottled with brownish or reddish and white blotches; sole whitish or creamy. Cephalic tentacles translucent, with a dorsal white stripe. Eye stalks brownish dorsally, whitish ventrally; eyes black encircled by white. Snout brownish to reddish with a creamy terminal band.DistributionMediterranean Sea, from the Adriatic to the Alboran Sea, in 0.5–25 m depth; not reported for the eastern basin by Ghisotti & Melone (1975), but recently and erroneously reported for the Aegean Sea by Manousis (2012: 92, first unnumbered figure) who figured a juvenile specimen of the J. striatus complex. Atlantic, from the Portuguese coasts to Dakar, Senegal (Cretella 1992); the record under this name from the Canary Islands (Rolán & Swinnen 2009: figs 33–39; Hernández et al. 2011: 428, fig. 14a–e), actually represents Jujubinus swinneni sp. nov. (see under this species).RemarksJujubinus gravinae has a very peculiar sculpture with the peripheral cord regularly and markedly crenulated which makes it easily diagnosed – for instance – from J. vexationis and J. errinae that exhibit this crenulation only on the first 2–3 teleoconch whorls. Jujubinus swinneni sp. nov., similar in the general aspect, can be easily diagnosed by the complete lack of tubercles on the peripheral cord and for the different colouration, bright greenish cream or greenish whitish, with alternating whitish or reddish or blackish spots on the peripheral cord vs cream or whitish background, with brownish-reddish flammules of J. gravinae. Jujubinus ruscurianus, J. elenchoides and J. superum sp. nov. lack any sutural and peripheral crenulation on all teleoconch whorls. Jujubinus gravinae differs from J. vulgaris, J. exasperatus and J. pseudogravinae in its non-tuberculated spiral cords.See under J. striatus, J. depictus, J. fraterculus, J. dianiensis sp. nov., J. inopinatus sp. nov., J. kyrnos sp. nov., J. sartorii, J. smaragdinus, J. angustibasis sp. nov., J. gofasi sp. nov., J. tingitanus, for comparative remarks.