Jujubinus vulgaris (Risso, 1826)SSH I – Fig. 6A–FTrochus vulgaris Risso, 1826: 129, 313 (no figure).Trochus dumerili Risso, 1826: 129, 315–316 (no figure).Trochus matonii Payraudeau, 1827: 126–127, pl. vi figs 5–6.Trochus unidentatus Philippi, 1844: 150, pl. 25 fig. 8.Trochus monterosatoi Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1884: 367–368, pl. xliii figs 18–19.Jujubinus africanus Nordsieck, 1973: 10, pl. 1 fig. 7.DiagnosisShell of large size for the genus, elevated, thick, 3–4 spaced spiral cords, elevated and granulated, broad interspaces with strong prosocline lamellae, peripheral cord evident, high height/width ratio.Type materialLectotype of Trochus vulgaris Risso, 1826 FRANCE • dd; Nice; unknown locality (Nice, designated by Arnaud 1978); MNHN-IM-2000-31374.Type(s) of Trochus matonii Payraudeau, 1827 CORSICA • “L’Ile de Corse ”; lost (Virginie Héros, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, France, pers. com., 27 Oct. 2019).Type(s) of Trochus unidentatus Philippi, 1844 SICILY • “Siciliae”, probably in MNdHN (Santiago de Chile).Syntypes of Jujubinus striatus var. monterosatoi Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1884 FRANCE • 2 dd; Roussillon; MNHN-IM-2000-38199, MNHN-IM-2000-38200.Holotype of Jujubinus africanus Nordsieck, 1973 TUNISIA • dd; Djerba; SMF 341822.Other material examinedALGERIA • 7 dd; Alger; MCZR-M-11692 • 1 dd; Alger; (labelled “ Jujubinus quadrigranulatus ”); MCZR-M-11708 • 6 dd; Alger, Bone; MCZR-M-11720 • 1 dd; Oran; MCZR-M-11756 • 10 dd; Oran; MCZR-M-11775 • 2 dd; Oran; “ D’Oran ”; MCZR-M-11757 • 4 dd; Algeria; MCZR-M-11758.CORSICA • 3 lv; Petit Pain de Sucre; 42°44.7′ N; 9°28.00′ E; 19 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2019-4115 to 4117 • 3 lv; off Punta vecchia; 42°59.8′ N, 9°27.2′ E; 11 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2019-4187 to 4689 • 3 lv; Minelli; 42°42.7′ N, 9°27.5′ E; 17 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2019-4712 to 4714 • 1 lv; Grand Canyon; 42°44.2′ N, 9°28.0′ E; 29 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2019-4747 • 1 lv; North Bastia; 42°44.4′ N, 9°28.1′ E; 20 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2019-5052 • 3 lv; La Louise; 42°41.4′ N, 9°27.2′ E; 19– 18 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2019-5366 to 5368 • 1 lv; Le Sphinx; 42°43.3′ N, 9°14.9′ E; 17 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2019-5398 • 2 lv; same data as for preceding; MNHN-IM-2019-5399, 5408 • 3 lv; Saint Florent; 42°42.3′ N, 9°19.2′ E; 3 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2019-5497 to 5499 • 1 lv; North Bastia; 42°44.4′ N, 9°28.1′ E; 20 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2019-5633 • 4 lv; Saint Florent; 42°41.8′ N, 9°18.3′ E; 10 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2019-5641 to 5644 • 1 lv; Sec de Negru; 42°46.1′ N, 9°20.0′ E; 29– 16 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2019-5645 • 1 lv; Chapeau du Gendarme; 42°43.0′ N, 9°15.9′ E; 29 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2019-5646 • 1 lv; Sec de Negru; 42°46.1′ N, 9°20.0′ E; 26 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN- IM-2019-5649 • 2 lv; Saint-Florent; 42°43.0′ N, 9°18.6′ E; 30 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2019-5669, 5670 • 1 lv; Sec de Giraglia; 43°01.7′ N, 9°24.4′ E; 21 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2019-5687 • 1 lv; Centuri depths; 42°59.3′ N, 9°17.8′ E; 21 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2019-5886 • 1 lv; Centuri; 42°57.7′ N, 9°20.1′ E; 30 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2019-5894 • 9 lv; Sec de Giraglia; 43°01.7′ N, 9°24.4′ E; 21 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2019-5900, 5901, 5914 to 5920 • 6 lv; Miomo; 42°44.7′ N, 9°28.0′ E; 16 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2019-6313, 6314, 6343 to 6346 • 3 lv; Punta Di U Capicciolu; 41°25.8′ N, 9°15.8′ E; 5–10 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN- IM-2019-13092, 13093, 13258 • 2 lv; South of Lavezzi Is.; 41°18.6′ N, 9°15.4′ E; 15–32 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2019-13602, 13603 • 2 lv; off South coasts; 41°21.8′ N, 9°11.6′ E; 15– 18 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2019-13605, 13606 • 3 lv; Ficaghjola; 42°15.5′ N, 8°39.3′ E; 15 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2019-16476, 16477, 16488 • 1 lv; Cargèse Port; 42°07.9′ N, 8°35.8′ E; 7 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2019-16825 • 2 lv; Punta Scandola; 42°43.2′ N, 9°27.9′ E; 60 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2019-17050, 17051 • 1 lv; Gulf de Girolata; 42°19.2′ N, 8°36′ E; 30 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN- IM-2019-17651 • 1 lv; Punta Palazzu, Phoque-moine; 42°22.6′ N, 8°33.1′ E; 10–15 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2019-18107 • 3 dd; Provence and Corsica; “ Coste di Provenza e Corsica ” “ Jujubinus festivus ”; MCZR-M-11716.CROATIA • 2 lv; Rab Island; 15 m depth, Posidonia; CS-PM • 3 dd; Dalmazia; (labelled “ Jujubinus mixtus ”); MCZR-M-11702 • 17 dd; 1906; “ Adriatico ”; (labelled “ Jujubinus mixtus ”); MCZR-M-11702 • 16 dd; Velirat; MCZR-M-11707 • 2 dd; Velirat; 1910; MCZR-M-11707 • 21 dd; Velirat; MCZR-M-11724 • 9 dd; Velirat; (labelled “ Jujubinus alternans ”); MCZR-M-11728 • 10 dd; Velirat; (labelled “ Jujubinus matoni mixta ”); MCZR-M-11750 • 1 dd; Velirat; MCZR-M-11770 • 5 dd; Dalmazia; (labelled “ Jujubinus monterosati ”); MCZR-M-11724 • 4 dd; Dalmazia; MCZR-M-11725 • 12 dd; Dalmazia; (labelled “ Jujubinus fusca ”); MCZR-M-11728 • 12 dd; Melada; MCZR-M-11740 • 6 dd; Dalmazia; (labelled “ Jujubinus peculiaris ”); MCZR-M-11746 • 3 dd; Dalmazia; MCZR-M-11747 • 1 dd; Puntebianche; (Dalmazia); MCZR-M-11756 • 1 dd; Velirat; MCZR-M-11770.FRANCE • 2 dd; Nice; MCZR-M-11720 • 4 dd; Toulon; MCZR-M-11745 • 6 dd; Toulon; MCZR-M-11761 • 6 dd; Bandol; ‘ Jujubinus elenchoides ’; MCZR-M-11771 • 8 dd; Cannes; MCZR-M-11758 • 7 dd; Cannes; MCZR-M-11769 • 1 dd; Corsica; MCZR-M-11735 • 1 lv; Saint-Raphaël, Varo; used for DNA sequencing; BAU 2661.1 • 1 lv; Calanque de Figuerolles, La Ciotat; 36°34′18.7″ N, 26°30′14.3″ E; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2013-32744.GREECE • 9 dd; Gulf of Preveza; MCZR-M-11748 • 2 dd; Greece; (labelled “ Jujubinus tricolor ”); MCZR-M-11750 • 11 dd; Patras; MCZR-M-11751 • 2 dd; Patras; MCZR-M-11761 • 10 dd; Conemenos; MCZR-M-11707 • 1 dd; Kefalonia Island, Assos, port; 3 m depth; LT • 2 lv; Analipsi, Astypalea Is.; 36.575946° N, 26.393070° E; 0–1 m depth Posidonia; 28–30 Jun. 2017; used for DNA sequencing; BAU 1374, 1376 • 2 lv; Marmàri, Astypalea Is.; 36.564676° N, 26.353297° E; 0.2–0.5 m depth Posidonia; 23 Jun. 2017; used for DNA sequencing; BAU 3038.1, 3028.2 • 1 lv; same data as for preceding; used for DNA sequencing; BAU 3039.1 • 1 lv; Analipsi, Astypalea Is.; 36.575946° N, 26.393070° E; 0–1 m depth Posidonia; 28–30 Jun. 2017; used for DNA sequencing; BAU 3042.1 • 1 lv; Halkidiki, Marmaras; 40°04′46.2″ N, 23°45′48.7″ E; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM - 2013-32749.ITALY • 1 lv; Giannutri Is., Punta Secca, stn. GMM 2; 42°15′41″ N, 11°06′24″ E; 12–13 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; BAU 2668.1 • 2 lv; Giannutri Is.; 42°15′7.05″ N, 11°05′31.51″ E; used for DNA sequencing; RM3 - Jex 2, RM3 - Jex 3 • 4 lv; same data as for preceding; used for DNA sequencing; BAU 1368.1 to 1368.4 • 1 lv; same data as for preceding; used for DNA sequencing; RM3 - Jex 1 • 2 lv; Giglio Is.; 42°22′7.82″ N, 10°55′5.11″ E; used for DNA sequencing; RM3 - Jex 4, RM3 - Jex 5 • 3 lv; Giglio Is., Cala Cupa; 42°22′06″ N, 10°55′12″ E; used for DNA sequencing; BAU 2851.1 to 2851.3 • 2 lv; same data as for preceding; used for DNA sequencing; BAU 2910.1, 3 • 1 lv; Argentario, La Caletta; 42°26′40.73″ N, 11°6′51.84″ E; used for DNA sequencing; RM3 - Jex 10 • 1 lv; same data as for preceding; used for DNA sequencing; RM3 - Jex 9 • 2 lv; Tarquinia; 42°26′40.73″ N, 11°06′51.84″ E; used for DNA sequencing; RM3 - Jex 11, RM3 - Jex 12 • 2 lv; Elba Is., Fetovaia; 42°43′58.1″ N, 10°09′13.1″ E; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2013-32666, 32667 • 13 dd; Elba Island, Lacona; 5 m depth; bioclastic sediment; CS-PM • 29 dd; Elba I., Porto Azzurro, Naregno; 3 m depth; bioclastic sediment; LT • 3 dd; Talamone, beached; CS-PM • 2 dd; Isola del Giglio; MCZR-M-11761 • 13 lv; Giglio Island; 15 m depth; Posidonia meadow; CS-PM • 13 lv; Giannutri Island; 15 m depth; Posidonia meadow; CS-PM • 34 dd; Torre Valdaliga; 25 m depth; bioclastic sediment; CS-PM • 27 dd; Santa Marinella; 20 m depth; bioclastic sediment; CS-PM • 250 dd; Santa Marinella; 0 m depth; beached, in bioclastic sediments; CS-PM • 71 dd; Santa Marinella; fishing boat; CS-PM • 5 dd; Santa Marinella; fishing nets, Posidonia residues; LT • 600 dd; Torre Valdaliga, Civitavecchia; 25 m depth; CS-PM • 9 dd; San Felice Circeo; 30 m depth; fishing nets; LT • 4 dd; San Felice Circeo; fishing nets, Posidonia residues; LT • 1 dd; San Felice Circeo; 40 m depth; fishing nets; LT • 1 dd; Anzio; MCZR-M-11733 • 50 dd; Ventotene Island; 18–20 m depth; CS-PM • 2 dd; Ventotene Island; fishing boat; CS-PM • 63 dd; Ventotene Island; 20 m depth; bioclastic sediment; CS-PM • 3 dd; Napoli; MCZR-M-11684 • 5 dd; Napoli; MCZR-M-11720 • 4 dd; Napoli; MCZR-M-11723 • 1 dd; “ Napoli?”; MCZR-M-11724 • 1 dd; Napoli; (labelled “ Jujubinus histris ”); MCZR-M-11724 • 12 dd; Napoli; (labelled “ Jujubinus histrionella ”); MCZR-M-11733 • 3 dd; Napoli; (labelled “ Jujubinus matoni mitis ”); MCZR-M-11756 • 1 dd; Napoli; MCZR-M-11733 • 11 dd; Napoli; MCZR-M-11733 • 1 dd; Napoli; “ Jujubinus matoni ”; MCZR-M-11733 • 27 dd; Napoli; MCZR-M-11755 • 3 dd; Napoli; amidst sponges (“spugne”); MCZR-M-11758 • 1 dd; Napoli; 1918; “ Jujubinus micropictus ”; MCZR-M-11760 • 1 dd; Napoli; MCZR-M-11733 • 5 dd; Napoli; MCZR-M-11760 • 5 dd; Napoli?; MCZR-M-11776 • 1 dd; Napoli and Capri; MCZR-M-11733 • 8 dd; Capri; MCZR-M-11758 • 7 dd; Capri; MCZR-M-11759 • 1 dd; Capri; “ Jujubinus matoni ”; MCZR-M-11733 • 1 dd; Capri; MCZR-M-11735 • 1 dd; Napoli; MCZR-M-11733 • 4 dd; off Monte Conero; 0 m depth; beached; CS-PM • 67 dd + 13 dd; Marina di Camerota; 8 m depth; bioclastic sediment; LT • 1 dd; Brindisi; 3 m depth; algae; LT • 1 dd; Otranto; beached; CS-PM • 8 dd; Le Castella; 25 m depth; bioclastic sediment; CS-PM • 8 dd; Adriatic; “ Jujubinus similis ”; MCZR-M-11740 • 3 dd; Adriatic; “ Adriatico ” “ Jujubinus mixtus ”; MCZR-M-11769 • 4 dd; Adriatic; “ Jujubinus tristis ”; MCZR-M-11756 • 6 dd; Adriatic; MCZR-M-11758 • 1 dd; Adriatic?; “ Adriatico?”; MCZR-M-11762 • 3 dd; Trieste; MCZR-M-11735 • 3 dd; Trieste; MCZR-M-11747 • 1 dd; Porto Maurizio; “ Jujubinus insignis ”; MCZR-M-11746 • 3 dd; Porto Maurizio; MCZR-M-11746 • 1 dd; Porto Maurizio; 1917; MCZR-M-11761 • 2 dd; Porto Maurizio; MCZR-M-11766 • 4 dd; Chioggia; MCZR-M-11740 • 34 dd; unidentified locality; “ Romagnolo ”; MCZR-M-11691 • 2 dd; Molfetta; beached; CS-PM • 43 dd; Tricase Marina; 3 m depth; bioclastic sediment; CS-PM • 8 lv; Polignano; 20 m depth; amidst Posidonia; CS-PM • 80 dd; Santa Maria di Leuca; 15 m depth; CS-PM • 1 lv; S. Isidoro; 3 m depth; used for DNA sequencing; BAU 1678.MALTA • 14 lv; Gozo Island, Marsalforn, Xwejni Bay; 36°04′47.83″ N, 14°14′51.25″ E; CS-PM • 13 lv; Gozo Island, Xlendi Bay; 5 m depth; Cystoseira; CS-PM • 6 dd; Malta; MCZR-M-11721 • 5 lv; Malta; used for DNA sequencing; BAU 2674.1 – 5.MOROCCO • 6 dd; Casablanca, Mazata, Mazaclon; MCZR-M-11767.PORTUGAL • 5 dd; Algarve; fishing boat; CS-PM.SARDINIA • 4 lv; Capo Carbonara; 5 m depth; MO • 10 lv; Cala d’Ambra; 1–5 m depth; MO • 22 dd; Golfo d’Arzachena; beached; CS-PM • 35 dd; La Maddalena Island; 25 m depth; bioclastic sediment; CS-PM • 1 dd; Bay of Cagliari; (labelled “ Jujubinus limulosus ”); MCZR-M-11712 • 1 dd; Alghero; MCZR-M-11718 • 2 dd; Alghero; MCZR-M-11756 • 1 dd; Cagliari; MCZR-M-11720 • 2 dd; Sardinia; MCZR-M-11733 • 1 dd; Sardinia; labelled “ undulata ”; MCZR-M-11738 • 3 dd; Alghero; MCZR-M-11740 • 5 dd; Sardinia; MCZR-M-11742 • 1 dd; Sardinia; MCZR-M-11746 • 14 dd; Sardinia; MCZR-M-11749 • 8 dd; Sardinia; MCZR-M-11757 • 8 dd; Sardinia; MCZR-M-11761 • 4 dd; Sardinia; MCZR-M-11761 • 3 dd; Sardinia; “ Jujubinus tricolor ”; MCZR-M-11761 • 8 lv; San Pietro Is.; 3 m depth; on Posidonia; CS-PM • 4 dd; Cagliari; MCZR-M-11733.SICILY • 22 dd; Palermo; “ Jujubinus tricolor ”; MCZR-M-11709 • 44 dd; Palermo; (labelled “ Jujubinus matoni ”); MCZR-M-11717 • 1 dd; Palermo; MCZR-M-11718 • 94 dd; Port of Palermo; (labelled “ Jujubinus matoni ”); MCZR-M-11719 • 6 dd; Palermo; (labelled “ Jujubinus giacobi ”); MCZR-M-11720 • 3 dd; Palermo; “fondo coralligeno”; MCZR-M-11723 • 1 dd; Palermo; MCZR-M-11724 • 6 dd; Palermo; MCZR-M-11735 • 15 dd; Palermo; MCZR-M-11745 • 9 dd; Palermo; MCZR-M-11749 • 1 dd; Palermo; MCZR-M-11749 • 7 dd; Palermo; MCZR-M-11758 • 2 dd; Palermo; (labelled “ Jujubinus tricolor ”); MCZR-M-11763 • 2 dd; Sciacca; MCZR-M-11773 • 3 dd; Favignana I.; beached; CS-PM • 7 dd; Favignana Is.; MCZR-M-11749 • 1 dd; Linosa I.; 2 m depth; Posidonia meadow; CS-PM • 1 dd; Lampedusa; 1901; (“spugne”); MCZR-M-11723 • 1 dd; Lampedusa; (labelled “ Jujubinus disperses ”); MCZR-M-11731 • 5 dd; Lampedusa; beached; CS-PM • 3 dd; Pantelleria Is., Scauri; 13 m depth; bioclastic sediment; LT • 1 dd; Ognina; MCZR-M-11721 • 1 dd; Ognina; MCZR-M-11759 • 3 dd; Messina; (labelled “ Jujubinus matoni rupestris ”); MCZR-M-11721 • 9 dd; Messina; (labelled “ Jujubinus rupestris ”); MCZR-M-11721 • 2 dd; Messina; MCZR-M-11748 • 1 dd; Messina; MCZR-M-11749 • 2 dd; Messina; MCZR-M-11769 • 3 dd; Messina; (labelled “ Jujubinus incertus ”); MCZR-M-11776 • 16 dd; Lipari; MCZR, no number • 1 dd; Lipari; (labelled “ Jujubinus matoni grossesculpta ”); MCZR-M-11738 • 20 dd; Lipari; (labelled “ Jujubinus inflammatus ”); MCZR-M-11742 • 11 dd; Palermo; “ J. matoni Pay Palermo! = vulgaris Risso ”; MCZR-M-11685 • 5 lv; San Vito Lo Capo; used for DNA sequencing; BAU 1677.2–6.SLOVENIJA • 2 lv; Izola; 45°32′51.4″ N, 13°42′12.9″ E; 4 m depth; on Posidonia meadow; used for DNA sequencing; RM3 -Jex7, RM3 -Jex8 • 1 lv; Izola; 45°32′51.4″ N, 13°42′12.9″ E; 4 m depth; on Posidonia meadow; used for DNA sequencing; BAU 2071.1.SPAIN • 1 lv; Cabo de Palos, Murcia; 30 m depth; CS-PM • 3 dd; Tarifa; intertidal; tide pools, crabbed; CS-PM • 5 dd; Ibiza; “ Jujubinus monterosatoi ”; MCZR-M-11707 • 29 dd; Velirat and Valencia; vial with unique label, reading “ Jujubinus tricolor ”; MCZR-M-11807 • 31 dd; Valencia; 1915; “ Jujubinus matoni ”; MCZR-M-11734 • 13 dd; Valencia; 1915; “ Jujubinus matoni ”; MCZR-M-11734 • 8 dd; Valencia; “ Jujubinus crenulatus ”; MCZR-M-11749 • 2 dd; Mahón; MCZR-M-11748 • 5 dd; Valencia; “ Jujubinus tricolor ”; MCZR-M-11763 • 35 dd; Cádiz, Santa María; intertidal; tide beds; CS-PM • 1 lv; Benalmádena, Málaga; 36°34.7′ N, 4°30.9′ W; used for DNA sequencing; BAU 2665 • 1 lv; Cabo de Palos, Murcia; 37°38′08.0″ N, 0°41′30.4″ W; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2013-32680 • 1 lv; Almería; used for DNA sequencing; RM3 - Jex 13 • 1 lv; Tarifa; 36°0′14.16″ N, 5°36′21.32″ W; used for DNA sequencing; RM3 - Jex 6.TUNISIA • 3 dd; Sfax; MCZR-M-11684 • 1 dd; “ Coste d’Africa ”; MCZR-M-11746 • 8 dd; “ Coste d’Africa ”; MCZR-M-11761 • 21 dd; Sfax; MCZR-M-11761 •>30 dd; North of Zarzis; 33°36′28″ N, 11°04′04″ E; 0–7 m depth; MO • 2 dd; Djerba; 1 m depth; MO • 49 dd; Kerkennah Islands, Sidi Yousef; beached; CS-PM • 89 dd; Djerba Is.; beached; CS-PM • 3 dd; Djerba Island; Beached; LT • 7 dd; Djerba Island; upper infralittoral; ex Katy Nicolay coll; LT • 6 dd; Kerkennah Islands, W Gharbi Island, Sidi Youssef; 0.5 m depth; LT • 3 dd; Djerba Island; ex Mauro Pizzini coll; LT • 2 lv; Gremdi Is.; 34°45′50″ N, 11°19′55″ E; used for DNA sequencing; BAU 2313.1, 2313.2 • 1 lv; Gharbi Is., Sidi Youssef; 34°45′50″ N, 11°19′55″ E; used for DNA sequencing; BAU 2315.1 • 1 lv; Djerba Is., Sidi Solimen; 34°02′ N, 11°05′ E; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2013-31944 • 1 lv; Djerba Is., Sidi Jmour; 33°49.88′ N, 10°44.83′ E; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2013-32107 • 1 lv; Djerba Is., Sidi Jmour; 33°49.88′ N, 10°44.83′ E; used for DNA sequencing; MNHN-IM-2013-32121 • 2 lv; Kerkennah Is., Sharqi Is.; 34°45′16.97″ N, 11°20′31.00″ E; used for DNA sequencing; RM3-Jk1A, RM3-Jk2 A.TURKEY • 2 lv; Bozcaada Island; 45 m depth; CS-PM • 4 lv; Datça, stn AKD92-02; MO • 10 dd; Datça; 36°42′16.6″ N, 27°40′52.3″ E; 8 m depth; under stones and brown algae; LT • 12 dd; Datça; 36°42′16.6″ N, 27°40′52.3″ E; 3–7 m depth; on brown algae; LT.UNPRECISED GEOGRAPHIC DATA • 5 dd; Mediterranean Sea; (labelled “ Jujubinus matoni ”); MCZR-M-11761 • 3 dd; no data; (labelled “ Jujubinus matoni ”); MCZR-M-11750.Description (in parentheses data of the lectotype)SHELL. Shell of large size for the genus, height 5.9–12.6 (10.2) mm, width 4.7–7.3 (6.7) mm, height/ width ratio 1.25–1.86, conical, robust. Protoconch seemingly smooth, of ca 1 whorl, 0.21–0.22 mm in width. Teleoconch of 6–7 (6) slightly convex whorls. Sculpture of 3–5 (3) minutely granulose little closely set abapical spiral cords with wide interspaces of about the same strength, and peripheral cord evident formed by 1–5 (4) merged cordlets. Interspaces wide with strong prosocline lamellae. Suture incised. Base convex, with 6–9 concentric reddish or brown spiral cords white dotted and regularly spaced, umbilicus closed also in juveniles, covered with a white callus. Aperture quadrangular, with the columellar callus thickened in the middle portion. Interior of the aperture whitish, nacreous.COLOURATION. Colour of protoconch and initial teleoconch whorls reddish-greyish; remaining whorls and base white or whitish background with reddish brown to dark-brown or black prosocline or opisthocline lines or blotches of varying size irregularly arranged.SOFT PARTS. Epipodial tentacles grayish with a whitish stripe, covered by scattered very tiny whitish speckles. Foot background brownish or reddish mottled with longitudinal brown or red stripes and covered by white speckles; sole whitish or creamy. Cephalic tentacles grayish, with two dorsal darker stripes and covered by small light whitish speckles. Eye stalks brownish dorsally, whitish ventrally, covered by brown speckles; eyes black encircled by lighter crown, sometimes white ventrally. Snout brownish to reddish with a creamy terminal band.DistributionIn the Atlantic it is known with certainty only from Morocco, and Algarve (Portugal). In almost the entire Mediterranean Sea (e.g., Barash & Danin 1992: 34–35, fig. 31a; Portalatina 2008). Almost all records under Jujubinus exasperatus, living specimens at dephts from 1 to 35 m, rarely down to 60 m.RemarksRecords in the Atlantic from Scotland and the southernmost British Isles (Poppe & Goto 1991) to Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands (Bucquoy et al. 1882; Nordsieck 1968) are probably based on misidentifications. This is the commonest species of the genus in the Mediterranean Sea, very variable morphologically and chromatically. The name Jujubinus exasperatus has been largely employed for it, but Trochus exasperatus Pennant, 1777 was based on a different species (SSH II, see below). Therefore, many literature records of ‘ Jujubinus exasperatus ’ cannot be unequivocally ascribed to either species. Trochus vulgaris Risso, 1826 is the first available name for this species. Trochus matonii Payraudeau, 1827 is also this same species, and is the type of the genus Jujubinus: the type material (now lost) from Corsica was described as “maculis longitudinalibus angulosis albis et fuscis, aut albis et rubris picta” (Payraudeau 1827: 126– 127), clearly referring to two of the most common chromatic forms, with angular longitudinal blotches coloured in either dark and white, or red and white. For the date of publication of Payraudeau’s “ Catalogue descriptif ...” we refer to Falkner et al. (2002). The two figured specimens of Trochus monterosatoi (Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1884: pl. xliii figs 18–19) are clearly J. vulgaris, and the very B.D.D. put in the synonymy of their taxon also Trochus exasperatus var. excavata Monterosato, 1880. Jujubinus unidentatus (Philippi, 1844) and Jujubinus africanus Nordsieck, 1973 were based on a particular morphotype from Tunisia with light shell, ivory-whitish background with dark-brown to brown-reddish prosocline elongated flames, 5–8 weakly to minutely granulose spiral cords of varying size, base with 7–10 spiral cords with brown-reddish lines, and a very strong notch on the columella. The animal of this form has the same general chromatic pattern as the typical one but is homogeneously lighter and much fainter. The morphotype ‘ unidentatus attains a height of 7.8–10.1 mm, width 4.7–6.2 (ratio 1.42–1.86). See under J. exasperatus and J. pseudogravinae, for comparative remarks.