The growing emphasis on sustainable development has fundamentally transformed the system of corporateaccountability, making sustainability reporting and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) auditing essential componentsof modern business governance. This study examines emerging trends in sustainability reporting and ESG auditing, focusingon their role in enhancing corporate transparency, stakeholder confidence, and long-term value creation. The research aims toidentify current developments in international sustainability reporting standards, analyze the evolving role of ESG assurance,and assess the challenges associated with the implementation of non-financial reporting practices. The study employscomparative, analytical, and systematic research approaches based on international regulatory frameworks, academic literature,and global corporate reporting practices. The findings indicate that the transition from voluntary sustainability disclosures tomandatory ESG reporting has significantly increased the importance of independent assurance and audit quality. Furthermore,digital technologies, integrated reporting, and harmonized sustainability standards are reshaping corporate accountability andimproving the reliability of ESG information. The study concludes that effective ESG auditing contributes to better corporategovernance, strengthens investor confidence, and supports sustainable economic development. The research findings mayserve as a theoretical and practical basis for improving ESG reporting and auditing practices in developing economies, includingUzbekistan.