This review article highlights the multifunctional role played by mineral and organic fertilizers in the regulation of vital physiological and biochemical processes that ensure nutrient absorption, photosynthesis, respiration, plant growth and development, determine the formation of crop yields, as well as their resistance to abiotic stresses. The prospect of creating polycomponent bioregulators, including microfertilizer compositions with synthetic low-molecular-weight azaheterocyclic compounds, designed to improve plant growth, nutrition, productivity, and adaptation to stress factors, is discussed.