
Cet article compare l’hidalguía castillane et la gentry anglaise (XVIe–XVIIIe siècles) afin d’expliquer les trajectoires économiques divergentes de l’Espagne et de l’Angleterre. Il soutient que, tandis que l’hidalgo s’appuyait sur un ordre juridique rigide et imposé por l'État, fondé sur l’immunité fiscale et la pureté de sang (limpieza de sangre), la gentry fonctionnait comme une classe socio-économique ouverte, structurée autour de la propriété foncière et de la viabilité commerciale. À travers une analyse du capitalisme agraire, de la représentation politico-fiscale et des archétypes littéraires (Cervantès et Austen), cette étude démontre que la rigidité institutionnelle castillane (mayorazgo et tabous liés au travail) a pétrifié le capital rural dans des structures rentières. À l'inverse, le pragmatisme entrepreneurial et la fluidité de la mobilité sociale de la gentry ont catalysé l'infrastructure structurelle nécessaire à la révolution industrielle britannique.
This article compares the Castilian hidalguía and the English gentry (16th–18th centuries) to explain the divergent economic trajectories of Spain and England. It argues that while the hidalgo relied on a rigid, state-enforced juridical estate based on tax immunity and blood purity, the gentry functioned as an open socio-economic class predicated on landownership and commercial viability. Through an analysis of agrarian capitalism, fiscal-political representation, and literary archetypes (Cervantes and Austen), this study posits that Castilian institutional rigidity (mayorazgo and labor taboos) petrified rural capital into rentier structures. Conversely, the gentry’s entrepreneurial pragmatism and fluid social mobility catalyzed the structural infrastructure necessary for the British Industrial Revolution.
Exemption fiscale, Hidalguía, Histoire comparée, Fiscal Exemption, [SHS.SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, Hidalgos, Landed Gentry, Early Modern Europe, Agrarian Capitalism, History, 18th Century, Early Modern Europe 1500-1800, History, 17th Century, England, Landed gentry, [SHS.MUSEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Cultural heritage and museology, Spain, History, 16th Century, [SHS.HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Literary Archetypes, [SHS.ART] Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history, Époque moderne XVIe-XVIIIe siècle, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, Comparative History, Capitalisme agraire
Exemption fiscale, Hidalguía, Histoire comparée, Fiscal Exemption, [SHS.SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, Hidalgos, Landed Gentry, Early Modern Europe, Agrarian Capitalism, History, 18th Century, Early Modern Europe 1500-1800, History, 17th Century, England, Landed gentry, [SHS.MUSEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Cultural heritage and museology, Spain, History, 16th Century, [SHS.HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Literary Archetypes, [SHS.ART] Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history, Époque moderne XVIe-XVIIIe siècle, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, Comparative History, Capitalisme agraire
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