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ZENODO
Article . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Article . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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From fiscal exemption to agrarian capitalism: a comparative study of the Castilian hidalguía and the English gentry in the early modern era (16th–18th centuries)

Authors: Santos de Grajal y López, Mario;

From fiscal exemption to agrarian capitalism: a comparative study of the Castilian hidalguía and the English gentry in the early modern era (16th–18th centuries)

Abstract

Cet article compare l’hidalguía castillane et la gentry anglaise (XVIe–XVIIIe siècles) afin d’expliquer les trajectoires économiques divergentes de l’Espagne et de l’Angleterre. Il soutient que, tandis que l’hidalgo s’appuyait sur un ordre juridique rigide et imposé por l'État, fondé sur l’immunité fiscale et la pureté de sang (limpieza de sangre), la gentry fonctionnait comme une classe socio-économique ouverte, structurée autour de la propriété foncière et de la viabilité commerciale. À travers une analyse du capitalisme agraire, de la représentation politico-fiscale et des archétypes littéraires (Cervantès et Austen), cette étude démontre que la rigidité institutionnelle castillane (mayorazgo et tabous liés au travail) a pétrifié le capital rural dans des structures rentières. À l'inverse, le pragmatisme entrepreneurial et la fluidité de la mobilité sociale de la gentry ont catalysé l'infrastructure structurelle nécessaire à la révolution industrielle britannique.

This article compares the Castilian hidalguía and the English gentry (16th–18th centuries) to explain the divergent economic trajectories of Spain and England. It argues that while the hidalgo relied on a rigid, state-enforced juridical estate based on tax immunity and blood purity, the gentry functioned as an open socio-economic class predicated on landownership and commercial viability. Through an analysis of agrarian capitalism, fiscal-political representation, and literary archetypes (Cervantes and Austen), this study posits that Castilian institutional rigidity (mayorazgo and labor taboos) petrified rural capital into rentier structures. Conversely, the gentry’s entrepreneurial pragmatism and fluid social mobility catalyzed the structural infrastructure necessary for the British Industrial Revolution.

Keywords

Exemption fiscale, Hidalguía, Histoire comparée, Fiscal Exemption, [SHS.SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, Hidalgos, Landed Gentry, Early Modern Europe, Agrarian Capitalism, History, 18th Century, Early Modern Europe 1500-1800, History, 17th Century, England, Landed gentry, [SHS.MUSEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Cultural heritage and museology, Spain, History, 16th Century, [SHS.HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Literary Archetypes, [SHS.ART] Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history, Époque moderne XVIe-XVIIIe siècle, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, Comparative History, Capitalisme agraire

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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