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Journal . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Journal . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Empirical Structure of the Gilbreath Decay Constants

Authors: Ross, Michael;

Empirical Structure of the Gilbreath Decay Constants

Abstract

Chase, Hunter, and Tao introduced a stationary continuous Gilbreath model in which the top row consists of independent standard exponential variables and c_i := E a(i,j) denotes the expected entry at depth i. They proved sum_{i ≤ n} c_i ≥ log(n+e), computed c_0, ..., c_3 exactly, and could not prove that (c_i) is bounded. This note reports a Monte Carlo study to depth 8192, anchored by new exact rational values of c_4, c_5, and c_6. The principal empirical law is c_i ≈ C · λ^{s_2(i)} / i, where s_2(i) is the binary digit sum and the effective λ drifts slowly through approximately 1.14–1.20 in the sampled windows. The conjectural 1/i behavior thus becomes visible after conditioning on digit-sum classes, while pooled data decay more slowly and display a pronounced dyadic sawtooth; at extreme digit sums the modulation saturates below its geometric extrapolation. Complementary finite-depth experiments indicate a polynomial-versus-exponential growth transition for continuous uniform data, a full-row relaxation law of order G^{0.63}–G^{0.66}, and a spike survival distance asymptotic to its amplitude. These findings quantify the decay mechanism of the Gilbreath array that lies beyond the elementary parity wave.

Keywords

Lucas theorem, binary digit sum, Gilbreath array, iterated absolute differences, Monte Carlo, transient decay, exponential random model

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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Average
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