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ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: ZENODO
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Unobservability of magnetic monopole

Authors: Tanii, Taiju; Yamanaka, Nodoka;

Unobservability of magnetic monopole

Abstract

We show that the magnetic monopole (and the dyon) is unphysical by proving that it always involves the unphysical gauge field component. Thanks to their topological nature, monopoles are not affected by continuous radiative corrections, so their perturbativity is guaranteed, and therefore they are unobservable. We then discuss the phenomenological consequences. So far, it was believed that the inflation must occur after the generation of $U(1)$ gauge theory through spontaneous symmetry breaking so as to avoid the overclosure of the Universe by the monopoles. Our conclusion therefore removes this constraint, since they have no physical effect. We list some scenarios which can be resurrected through our discussion, notably those related to the Pati-Salam model. We also demonstrate that the unobservability of the monopole and its condensation, which is the criterion of color confinement, are not inconsistent.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average