Water resilience has emerged as a strategic priority for Europe in response to increasing pressures from climate change, droughts, floods, ecosystem degradation, emerging contaminants, infrastructure vulnerabilities, and growing demands on water resources. While several governance, operational, and resilience assessment frameworks exist, there is currently no simple, integrated methodology for assessing the overall maturity of water systems in a consistent, operational manner. This discussion paper introduces the Water Resilience Maturity Framework (WRMF), a conceptual methodology for assessing the readiness of water systems across five dimensions: Governance & Policy, Infrastructure & Operations, Water Resources & Ecosystems, Data & Digitalization, and Society & Stakeholders. The framework proposes a 20-indicator assessment architecture that generates a Water Resilience Score (0–100) and classifies entities into four maturity stages: Compliance, Efficiency, Resilience, and Transformative Resilience. The WRMF is inspired by resilience science, socio-technical transition theory, and dynamic capabilities theory, and is designed to support benchmarking, strategic planning, investment prioritization, and policy implementation. The framework is intended for application by utilities, river basin authorities, municipalities, regulators, financial institutions, and policymakers seeking to evaluate preparedness for future water-related challenges. Version 1.1 represents a discussion paper and conceptual foundation. The methodology, weighting system, scoring rubrics, and pilot applications remain subject to expert review, validation, and future refinement. The framework is presented as an open contribution to stimulate discussion on how water resilience can be assessed, compared, and strengthened across Europe and beyond. Keywords: Water resilience; Water governance; Resilience assessment; Water resilience maturity framework; Benchmarking; Water management; Climate adaptation; Digital water; Nature-based solutions; Water security; Sustainability; European Water Resilience Strategy.