Traditional physics adopts a linear and unidirectional view of time, which fails to reveal the essence of space-time and the laws of cosmic cycles. Traditional philosophy and neuroscience attribute consciousness to the activities of the brain, severing the internal connection between consciousness and cosmic space-time, and cannot explain the origin of consciousness. This paper proposes a horizontal-vertical dual model of space-time. Taking the duality of the universe and the balance between generation and extinction as the core logic, it divides cosmic space-time into a horizontal dimension of cyclic generation and extinction and a vertical dimension of convergent extinction. Driven by the nested rotation and revolution of celestial bodies, horizontal time generates hierarchical time differences, which are the fundamental source of material evolution, life survival and the emergence of consciousness. Dominated by black holes, vertical time eliminates all time differences through powerful gravity, bringing all matter to a static state and leading to the extinction of consciousness. This model puts forward the core principle that rotation represents evolution and convergence represents extinction. It provides a new perspective to re-examine the unidirectional evolution theory of the Big Bang and the theory that consciousness originates from the brain. It constructs a theoretical system of the universe featuring balance between motion and stillness, cycles of life and death, and eternity, and establishes a brand-new cognitive framework from three aspects: the nature of time, the origin of consciousness and cosmic evolution.