Environmental toxicity has emerged as a major global concern due to rapid industrialization, extensive use of hazardous chemicals, and unsustainable manufacturing practices. Conventional chemical processes often depend on toxic raw materials, energy-intensive methods, and non-renewable resources, leading to hazardous waste generation and environmental pollution. Green chemistry has emerged as a sustainable approach that focuses on preventing pollution at its source rather than managing it after generation. This research examines the role of green chemistry in controlling environmental toxicity by analyzing its principles, applications, and effectiveness across various industrial sectors. The study is based on qualitative review, secondary data analysis, and case studies comparing conventional chemical practices with green chemistry alternatives. The findings indicate that green chemistry significantly reduces hazardous waste generation, toxic emissions, and energy consumption while improving resource efficiency and process safety. Applications in pharmaceuticals, agriculture, polymers, and advanced materials demonstrate that green chemistry can support environmental protection without compromising industrial productivity or economic viability.