The preservation of reproductive health among women represents a foundational priority for national healthcare systems and demographic stability. Within the framework of primary healthcare, family polyclinics serve as the central hub for delivering essential preventive services. This research critically evaluates the quality of preventive care provided to women of reproductive age in the outpatient setting and comprehensively analyzes the pivotal role of nursing staff in executing these public health strategies. Utilizing a prospective cross-sectional methodology across multiple family polyclinics, the study integrated clinical audits of patient records with extensive satisfaction surveys and direct observational assessments of nursing activities. The integrated literature review underscores a global paradigm shift from curative biomedicine to proactive prevention, highlighting task-shifting models where nurses take the lead in health education, family planning, and early oncological screening. The empirical results demonstrate that while basic infrastructure for preventive care exists, the actual quality and frequency of preventive counseling are heavily constrained by administrative burdens placed on the nursing staff. However, in cohorts where nurses were explicitly empowered and allocated dedicated time to conduct comprehensive preventive consultations covering nutrition, contraception, and hygiene, there was a statistically significant increase in patient adherence to screening protocols and a marked improvement in overall patient satisfaction. The discussion advocates for a structural reorganization within family polyclinics to expand the clinical autonomy of nurses. By transitioning nurses from passive administrative assistants to proactive health educators and care coordinators, healthcare systems can drastically reduce the incidence of preventable reproductive morbidities and ensure a higher quality of life for women.