The growing importance of sustainable development has transformed corporate governance and strategic management across the global economy. Modern enterprises are increasingly required to balance economic growth with environmental protection and social responsibility. This article examines the theoretical foundations of sustainable development and the role of Environmental Management Systems (EMS) in improving corporate sustainability performance. The research analyzes the integration of ecological management into corporate strategies, the implementation of ESG-oriented management mechanisms, and the role of innovation in achieving sustainable competitiveness. The article also highlights international experiences and statistical trends related to sustainable business practices. The findings demonstrate that effective environmental management systems contribute significantly to long-term organizational resilience, operational efficiency, and sustainable economic growth.