AbstractPhysiological fitness plays a significant role in determining the health statusand physical performance of adolescents. Among various physiologicalindicators, maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂ Max) and hemoglobin concentrationare considered important measures of aerobic fitness and oxygen-carryingcapacity. The present study aimed to compare the physiological variables ofrural and urban high school students from North Coastal Andhra Pradesh. Atotal of 300 students from Srikakulam, Vizianagaram, and Visakhapatnamdistricts were selected for the investigation. VO₂ Max was assessed through astandardized step test, while hemoglobin levels were measured usinglaboratory procedures. Statistical analysis was performed using mean,standard deviation, and t-test techniques. The results revealed significantdifferences between rural and urban students in selected physiologicalvariables. The findings indicate that environmental conditions, nutritionalhabits, physical activity patterns, and socio-economic factors contribute tovariations in physiological fitness. The study highlights the importance ofimproving health awareness, nutrition, and physical activity programs amongschool children. The results provide valuable information for educators,coaches, health professionals, and policymakers concerned with adolescenthealth and fitness development.