Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used in electric vehicles, portable electronics, and renewable energy storage due to their high energy density and long cycle life. The performance of LIBs strongly depends on the electrochemical and thermal properties of the anode materials. Graphitic carbon is commonly used as the anode due to its stable layered structure and ability to reversibly intercalate lithium ions. However, limitations such as moderate conductivity, heat generation during cycling, and structural degradation affect battery efficiency and safety. In this work, the electrochemical and thermal behaviour of graphitic anodes enhanced with nano-conductive additives such as graphene nanoplatelets (GNP), carbon nanotubes (CNT), and nano carbon black is investigated. The addition of nanoscale conductive materials forms efficient electron transport pathways and improves thermal conductivity. Experimental and literature analysis show that nano additives enhance discharge capacity, reduce internal resistance, and improve heat dissipation. These improvements lead to better rate capability, longer cycle life, and enhanced safety of lithium-ion batteries.