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Galactic Wrinkles in Time: Asteroseismically Inferred Ages of 132,000 TESS Red Giants

Authors: Theodoridis, Artemis; Newton, Elisabeth; Daniel, Kathryne Jeannine; Rampalli, Rayna; Smock, Amy;

Galactic Wrinkles in Time: Asteroseismically Inferred Ages of 132,000 TESS Red Giants

Abstract

NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission has identified at least 158,000 oscillating red giants, increasing the known sample by roughly an order of magnitude. After validating that these measurements are reliable to 5% for up to 90% of red giants, we construct tailored stellar evolution models using MESA to infer ages for 132,794 of these stars, achieving an average uncertainty of <23% (Theodoridis et al. 2026). Seeing that these ages broadly follow the distributions observed in smaller benchmark samples such as Kepler, we release these ages to the community to enable future Galactic archaeology investigations. Building on this foundation, we explore combining our seismic ages with Galactic dynamics. We focus on stars associated with coherent phase-space structures, or "wrinkles", that may be produced by transient spiral structure. Observations predict that these features are preferentially populated by stars younger than expected, given their large radial actions. We also consider Orbital Torus Imaging (OTI; Price-Whelan et al. 2024), which leverages correlations between stellar labels and orbital actions to model the smooth equilibrium distribution in phase space, agnostic of a Galactic potential. We highlight the power of large TESS samples for reconstructing the recent dynamical history of the Milky Way and for advancing Galactic archaeology.

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