This article presents a comparative linguistic investigation of historical vocabulary in English and Uzbek, focusing on their etymological evolution, semantic development, and cultural-contextual characteristics. It examines the diachronic trajectories of historically rooted lexical items, highlighting their typological correspondences and functional divergences. Special attention is given to lexemes preserved in national memory and reintegrated into modern language through semantic transformation. The paper explores the interplay of historical semantics, etymological inquiry, and ethnolinguistic identity from a cognitive-linguistic perspective.