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Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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XLG-CM-002: Density-Refraction Law — Solar Activity and the Bending of Light

Authors: Xu, Lingguang;

XLG-CM-002: Density-Refraction Law — Solar Activity and the Bending of Light

Abstract

General relativity predicts a constant gravitational deflection of starlight grazing the Sun: 1.75 arcseconds. Compiling historical total solar eclipse measurements from 1922 to 2017, we find significant variation in the measured deflection: 1.72 (1922), 1.82 (1929), 1.70 (1936), 2.01 (1947), 1.70 (1952), 1.66 (1973), 1.78 (1991), and 1.75±0.02 (2017). The 1947 measurement (2.01 arcseconds) coincides with a solar activity maximum (annual Wolf number 159.2), while the 2017 measurement (1.75±0.02 arcseconds) coincides with a minimum (Wolf number 19.3). This correlation — higher deflection during higher coronal density — is inconsistent with a constant gravitational deflection but is naturally explained by the Density-Refraction Law: light bends in a density gradient of the KuiQuark Sea medium. The deflection angle scales as θ = κ ∫ (∇ρ_KQ) ds, where ρ_KQ is the density of the KuiQuark Sea. We predict that future eclipses during solar maxima will continue to show enhanced deflection (1.80-1.85 arcseconds, depending on the activity level), while minima will show deflection consistent with the baseline (<1.70 arcseconds). This paper is part of the XLG-CM series (XLG Cosmology — Celestial Motion).

Keywords

light deflection; solar eclipse; KuiQuark Sea; density gradient refraction; solar activity

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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