: The transition to a green economy has become an important priority for achieving sustainable economic growth and environmental sustainability. This study examines the opportunities and challenges associated with Uzbekistan’s green economy transition within the framework of national development strategies and environmental reforms. The research is based on a theoretical-practical approach and applies literature review, policy analysis, comparative analysis, and system-based assessment methods. The findings indicate that Uzbekistan has significant opportunities for renewable energy development, green investment attraction, resource efficiency improvement, and green job creation. However, challenges such as water scarcity, climate change impacts, high investment costs, technological dependence, and institutional limitations continue to affect the effectiveness of green transformation. The study concludes that the successful implementation of green economy reforms requires stronger financial support, technological modernization, and institutional capacity building. Several policy recommendations are proposed to enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of Uzbekistan’s green development agenda.