The ARTEN-enhanced Multi-Crop Disease Dataset includes 21,875 enhanced leaf images of five primary crops: Banana, Chilli, Groundnut, Cauliflower, and Radish. We implemented the Attention-guided Residual Texture improvement Network (ARTEN), a deep learning-based image enhancement system, to generate the dataset, focusing on enhancing image quality, lesion visibility, texture representation, and structural preservation. The class names, folder structure, and spatial resolution of 640 by 640 pixels were all enhanced without affecting the photographs. The collection will facilitate research in computer vision, plant disease diagnostics, precision agriculture, and artificial intelligence-driven crop monitoring systems.