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Preprint . 2026
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image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
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Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Yang–Mills existence and mass gap from the pentachoric density matrix

Authors: BLATIERE, Jean-Baptiste;

Yang–Mills existence and mass gap from the pentachoric density matrix

Abstract

We construct a quantum field theory with gauge group SU(3) on the Kuhn triangulation of Z^4 and prove that it has a strictly positive mass gap Delta >= 0.025 > 0. The construction satisfies a set of pentachoric axioms (PA0-PA5), which compare to the Osterwalder-Schrader (OS) axioms as follows: strictly stronger in four of seven directions (compactness, six-fold reflection positivity, constructive clustering, Gibbs uniqueness), equal in one (permutation symmetry), and formally weaker in two (discrete translations Z^4 vs R^4; point-group rotations vs exact SO(4)). Both weaker directions are mitigated: the Givens stability theorem bounds the residual at = 0, and a unique vacuum, without invoking SO(4) invariance. The theory rests on one observation: the density at each vertex of the pentachoric lattice (K5, the complete graph on 5 vertices, the unique 4-simplex in d=4) is a 3x3 Hermitian matrix rho_v with eigenvalues in [0,1]. Its nine degrees of freedom decompose as 1 trace (U(1)) + 8 traceless (su(3) gluon field). The gauge connection on each edge is the spectral comparator U_ij = P_i^dagger P_j in SU(3), derived from the eigenbases of adjacent density matrices. The cubic vertex Tr(delta rho^3) produces the exact structure constants f^abc of SU(3). The effective action, obtained by integrating out eigenvalue fluctuations, has the Wilson plaquette form Delta S = beta Tr(I - W_f) with beta = 0.145 (derived, not input), giving confinement with string tension sigma = 3.73. Reflection positivity (OS2) is proved on the full 4D Kuhn lattice via transposition reflections theta: x_mu x_nu in S4, giving six independent hyperplanes; Cartesian reflections fail (14/30 edge vectors broken). Dobrushin uniqueness (gamma = 0.176 [T2]. The gap has a topological origin: the first Betti number beta_1(Delta^4) = 0 (the 4-simplex is contractible), so the Hodge Laplacian on 1-forms has ker(Delta_1) = {0} — every gauge mode is massive, with no harmonic 1-form to protect a zero mode. The Givens stability theorem bounds approximate Lorentz covariance: every R in SO(4) decomposes into <= 6 = C(4,2) Givens rotations, each belonging to a hyperplane stabiliser; a spectral non-amplification argument gives |W_n(f) - W_n(f o R)| <= 6 C_n (l_P/L)^4 gamma^{L/l_P}, with all constants explicit [T1]. Zero free parameters (alpha* = 1/(4 ln 2) from Bekenstein-Hawking). Companion script: 393 tests, 30 blocks, all PASS.

Keywords

Bekenstein-Hawking, Kuhn triangulation, reflection positivity, lattice gauge, pentachoron, Clay Millennium Problem, Dobrushin uniqueness, discrete quantum gravity, SU(3), K5, Yang-Mills mass gap, mass gap, density matrix

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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