This article analyzes the issue of developing students' thinking through the use of problem situations in the educational process from a scientific, theoretical and practical perspective. The relevance of the study is determined by the need for students in the modern education system not only to master ready-made knowledge, but also to form the competencies of independent thinking, problem analysis, solution finding and decision-making. From this point of view, the use of problem-based learning technologies is considered an effective pedagogical tool that activates the educational process and develops the intellectual potential of the student.Teaching methods based on problem situations are an important pedagogical tool in developing students' thinking. Their systematic introduction into the teaching process is of great importance in improving the quality of education, developing the intellectual potential of students and preparing them for independent life.