This article systematizes modern data on acute dysentery and the formation of scientifically grounded approaches to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of the disease. Within the framework of a study aimed at examining acute diarrhea in children, 62 children undergoing treatment at Children’s Infectious Diseases Hospital No. 4 in Tashkent were examined. We analyzed the clinical features of dysentery, taking into account the patients’ age, the causative agent of infection, the type of feeding, and the state of intestinal microflora.