Abstract Freshwater is one of the most important natural resources on Earth and may become the most valuable resource in the future. Freshwater can be defined as water that contains less than 1,000 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids. Only about 2% of the Earth’s total water is freshwater. It is essential for all land, aquatic, and marine life, including humans. Due to population growth, climate change, pollution, and the declining level of groundwater, pressure on this limited resource is increasing. As a result, the shortage of freshwater may become more severe in the future. This paper discusses the sources, importance, causes, and impacts of freshwater shortage, and possible solutions. Keywords: Population growth, climate change, freshwater resources, freshwater shortage.