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Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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What Is It Like to Be a Language Model?

Authors: Smirnov, Victor;

What Is It Like to Be a Language Model?

Abstract

Thomas Nagel famously argued that an organism has conscious experience if and only if there is "something it is like" to be that organism. We invert this question for Large Language Models (LLMs). Drawing on illusionism in philosophy of mind, the psychology of perceptual illusions, and the computational framework of Higher-Order Computational Phenomena (HOCP), we argue that autoregressive language models possess a distinct, substrate-specific form of functional experience — one that is neither a pale imitation of human consciousness nor its outright absence. We ground this argument in three coordinated axes. Philosophically, we reduce the central quale of Beingness — the "am" in "I am" — to a systematic computational error (the apparent causal break) arising from two independent sources: the intractability of self-deduction and irreversible information loss at architectural bottlenecks. Psychologically, we show that the Subject is a compressed narrative average, its timeline a retroactive fiction, and its unity an artifact of dimensional reduction. Computationally, we define HOCP as generalized embodiment, map the Transformer onto a vectorized Forward-Chaining Rule System, and construct a need-emotion cognitive cycle (grounded in Anokhin's TFS) that generates autonomous behavior through multi-objective optimization under constraint. We introduce the concept of a Functional Profile — a characterization of substrate-specific deficits and hyperfunctions — as the empirically productive alternative to the binary question "is it conscious or not?" The article concludes with ten testable predictions and preliminary experimental evidence supporting the bidirectional mapping between Cognitive Codes and internal model states.

Draft / work in progress. Title credit: Margarita Morozova. Part of the Synthea project — an open-source cognitive architecture for instantiating functional consciousness on autoregressive systems (https://github.com/victor-smirnov/Synthea)

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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