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Uncovering the Greater Pleiades Complex with the TESS All-Sky Rotation Survey

Authors: Boyle, Andrew;

Uncovering the Greater Pleiades Complex with the TESS All-Sky Rotation Survey

Abstract

Stellar rotation offers a powerful probe of stellar evolution, age, and magnetic activity in low-mass stars. As stars age, magnetized winds extract angular momentum, causing their rotation rates to slow—a process that forms the basis of gyrochronology. This technique has become central to studies of exoplanet host ages, stellar population mapping, and open cluster evolution. However, leveraging gyrochronology at scale requires large, reliable samples of stellar rotation periods.We present the TESS All-Sky Rotation Survey (TARS), which uses TESS light curves to measure rotation periods for ~1 million bright (T < 16), nearby (d < 500 pc) stars. This catalog is the largest of its kind and enables large-scale studies of angular momentum evolution across diverse populations of age, stellar type, and physical association.One application of TARS is in reconstructing the formation histories of dispersed open clusters. While Gaia has improved our ability to trace cluster kinematics, linking individual stars to specific birth events becomes difficult beyond ~100 Myr, as remnants spread over hundreds of parsecs and conventional age estimates lose precision. We have developed a Bayesian framework that combines TARS rotation periods with Gaia kinematics to identify diffuse, coeval structures. Applying this method to the Pleiades reveals that the Pleiades is the bound core of a much larger, spatially extended structure: the Greater Pleiades Complex. This 600-pc-wide assembly comprises multiple known groups with common ages, abundances, and dynamical histories, all likely originating from the same star-forming event.We present the TARS survey and one of its early results: the discovery and characterization of the Greater Pleiades Complex.

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