
Travel has historically functioned as a crucial medium through which cultures encounter, interpret, and represent one another. In the nineteenth century, travel narratives emerged as important sites of cultural exchange, identity formation, and civilisational dialogue. Swami Vivekananda's journeys across North America, England, and Europe between 1893 and 1900 constitute one of the most influential examples of intercultural engagement in modern Indian history. While his speeches, letters, and philosophical writings have attracted considerable scholarly attention, the visual dimensions of his travels remain comparatively underexplored. Drawing upon the archival collection Vivekananda Abroad: A Postcard Pilgrimage (2019), this paper examines how postcards, photographs, ships, urban landscapes, and travel routes function as cultural texts that document and mediate encounters between India and the West. The study argues that Vivekananda's travels transcended geographical mobility and became a form of cultural representation through which India was reimagined within the global public sphere. Employing insights from travel writing studies, postcolonial theory, visual culture, and cultural memory studies, the paper analyses the ways in which travel images construct alternative narratives of modernity, spirituality, and national identity. The visual archive reveals how material objects such as postcards preserve historical memory while simultaneously recording processes of cultural negotiation and exchange. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that Vivekananda's travels challenged prevailing Orientalist assumptions by presenting Indian civilisation as intellectually vibrant, philosophically sophisticated, and spiritually universal. Ultimately, the paper contends that the visual record of Vivekananda's overseas journeys offers a valuable framework for understanding travel as a dynamic process of cultural representation and transcultural communication.
