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The K-A-T Framework: Macro-Financial Propagation across Funding Constraints, Input-Output Networks, and Policy Backstops

Authors: Stanisljevic, Luka;

The K-A-T Framework: Macro-Financial Propagation across Funding Constraints, Input-Output Networks, and Policy Backstops

Abstract

<p>We propose and test an empirical framework for macro-financial propagation—K-A-T—that links (i) funding and collateral constraints (K), proxied by USD cross-currency basis deviations and high-frequency monetary surprises, (ii) network amplification (A), via eigenvector centrality on international input-output tables and, new in this paper, a stylized GP/BDC-bank financial adjacency matrix constructed from EDGAR 10-Q filings, and (iii) policy backstop credibility (T), via OMT/TPI in the euro area and SRF/FIMA in the United States. We formalize K-A-T in a two-period model with a put-option representation of the backstop. A peer-reviewed event-study triangulation (Altavilla-Giannone-Lenza 2016 for OMT; NY Fed 2025 for SRF cap removal; MEF 2026 for BTP-Bund) documents half-life compressions of 62% (OMT), 75% (cumulative post-TPI), and intraday containment (SRF).</p> <p>The February 19–April 8, 2026 semi-liquid private credit gate wave—eight funds totalling $178 billion in AUM gated at 45–100% fill rates, with JPMorgan marking down $22.2 billion in collateral and Deutsche Bank disclosing a €26 billion portfolio—provides the central natural experiment. Using daily returns for 21 firms over the 35-trading-day window, exposed alternative asset managers accumulated a CAR of −10.1% at day +35 versus +0.1% for low-exposure diversified financials (difference −10.2 pp, permutation p = 0.087). Business Development Company returns over the event window have an R² of only 18.8% from public-credit comparators (LSTA, HY, IG), identifying a 19.4%-annualized K-channel-specific volatility component. A triangulation across Proskauer, S&amp;P, Fitch, and KBRA yields a Q4 2025 private-credit default rate of 4.7% (interquartile range 2.5–5.8%), rather than the selection-biased 9.4% Fitch privately-monitored figure widely cited. A stylized financial-network stress test calibrated to real BDC balance sheets and the Berrospide et al. (2025) G-SIB bank-lending shares shows that moderate contagion scenarios (up to 25% default with 50% LGD on $1.34 trillion bank-to-PC lending) remain below the Fed's 2025 DFAST CET1 drawdown of 1.6 pp; only catastrophic (40% / 60%) scenarios breach the baseline. Consistent with our model's Proposition 1(iv), the April 2026 data show that stress under T ≈ 0 has a longer but finite half-life, not unbounded escalation.</p> <p>We propose four narrowly-targeted backstop-architecture reforms calibrated to these estimates and designed to minimize moral hazard.</p>

Keywords

TPI, policy backstop, OMT, Leontief inverse, private credit, cross-currency basis, funding constraints, meta-analysis, G-SIB, network amplification, systemic risk, SRF, DFAST, Anderson-Rubin, weak instruments, macro-financial propagation, BDC

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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